Botanical from the Fruits Mesocarp of Raphia vinifera Displays Antiproliferative Activity and Is Harmless as Evidenced by Toxicological Assessments

Table 2

Cytotoxicity of RVM and doxorubicin against drug-sensitive cell lines, their resistant counterparts, and normal hepatocytes as determined by RRA.

Cell lines	IC50 values (μg/mL) and degrees of resistance or selectivity index
	RVM	Doxorubicin
CCRF-CEM	12.35 ± 1.03	0.02 ± 0.00
CEM/ADR5000	14.22 ± 0.98	—
Degree of resistance	(1.15)	Nd
MDA-MB-231-pcDNA	17.67 ± 2.01	0.13 ± 0.01
MDA-MB-231-BCRP	16.92 ± 0.86	0.79 ± 0.08
Degree of resistance	(0.96)
HCT116 (p53^+/+)	14.56 ± 1.65	0.48 ± 0.06
HCT116 (p53^−/−)	15.28 ± 0.67	1.78 ± 0.08
Degree of resistance	(1.05)
U87MG	13.93 ± 1.16	0.26 ± 0.03
U87MG.ΔEGFR	18.76 ± 1.64	0.98 ± 0.07
Degree of resistance	(1.35)
HepG2	20.13 ± 1.78	4.56 ± 0.48
AML12	56.12 ± 3.77	52.90 ± 4.09
Selectivity index	(2.79)

(): The degree of resistance was determined as the ratio of IC₅₀ value in the resistant divided by the IC₅₀ in the sensitive cell line; CEM/ADR5000, MDA-MB-231-BCRP, HCT116 p53−/−, and U87MG.ΔEGFR were used as the corresponding resistant counterpart for CCRF-CEM, MDA-MB-231-pc DNA, HCT116 p53+/+, and U87MG cell lines, respectively; (): The selectivity index was determined as the ratio of IC₅₀ value in the normal AML12 hepatocytes divided by the IC₅₀ in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells; nd: not determined.