Botanical from the Fruits Mesocarp of Raphia vinifera Displays Antiproliferative Activity and Is Harmless as Evidenced by Toxicological Assessments

Table 3

Cytotoxicity of RVM, compounds, and doxorubicin against animal cancer cell lines as determined by RRA.

Features and cell lines		Samples, IC50 values in µg/mL (extract) or µM (compounds) ± SD
		RVM	1	2	4	5	6	Doxorubicin
BRAF-V600E homozygous mutant	MaMel-80a	18.92 ± 1.23	33.47 ± 2.06	65.45 ± 7.66	10.42 ± 1.26	—	—	8.66 ± 0.56
	SKMel-28	20.04 ± 0.85	54.28 ± 5.71		14.27 ± 1.10	—	—	2.14 ± 0.12
BRAF-V600E heterozygous mutant	A2058	18.56 ± 2.43	19, 46	56.12 ± 4.29	48.18 ± 5.18	27.06 ± 1.18	38.91 ± 2.78	0.29 ± 0.04
	Mel-2a	23.87 ± 3.19	42.10 ± 3.27	—	45.23 ± 3.29	—	—	6.63 ± 0.41
BRAF wild type	MV3	23.18 ± 1.74	—	—	35.26 ± 2.80	—	—	7.09 ± 0.59
	SKMel-505	26.66 ± 2.19	—	—	43.19 ± 3.72	—	—	9.39 ± 1.01
Rat colon adenocarcinoma	CC531	16.39 ± 0.96	—	58.90 ± 5.25	17.35 ± 3. 1	—	—	0.44 ± 0.23
Murine melanoma	B16-F1	14.98 ± 0.76	—	84.29 ± 6.63	23.19 ± 2.81	—	79.18 ± 5.39	0.22 ± 0.01
	B16-F10	16.55 ± 2.05	—	—	19.89 ± 1.06	—	—	0.24 ± 0.03

(−): IC₅₀ values above 100 µM; the IC₅₀ values were above 100 µM on all cell lines tested with compounds 3, 7, 8, and 9; the selectivity index was determined as the ratio of IC₅₀ value in the normal AML12 hepatocytes divided by the IC₅₀ in other cell lines; (25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β, 22β-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 ⟶ 2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), raphvinin (2), raphvinin 2 (3), raphvinin 3 (4), diosgenin (5), trillin (6), deltonin (7), 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(22R,25R)-3β, 22, 26-trihydroxyfurost-5-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), and sitosterol (9).