Botanical from the Fruits Mesocarp of Raphia vinifera Displays Antiproliferative Activity and Is Harmless as Evidenced by Toxicological Assessments

Table 8

Effect of RVM on the level of serum creatinine, serum urea, and urinary protein.

Sexes	Parameters (mg/dL)	Control	Extract doses (mg/kg)
			250	500	1000
Females	Serum urea	30.55 ± 1, 15^b	27.38 ± 1.10^a	27.15 ± 0.84^a	25.33 ± 1.78^a
	Urinary urea	1522.85 ± 12.30^c	1280.32 ± 8.08^b	1259.83 ± 5.57^a	1268.66 ± 6.12^a,b
	Serum creatinine	0.83 ± 0.05^a,b	0.83 ± 0.02^a,b	0.88 ± 0.05^b	0.80 ± 0.01^a
	Urinary creatinine	94.51 ± 5.40^c	55.49 ± 1.22^a	79.27 ± 1.41^b	82.93 ± 3.98^b
	Urinary protein	12.73 ± 1.84^a	10.74 ± 1.52^a	12.33 ± 2.72^a	10.34 ± 0.92^a
Males	Serum urea	26.07 ± 1.82^a	24.67 ± 1.40^a	23.65 ± 1.15^a	24.58 ± 1.04^a
	Urinary urea	1318.40 ± 9.24^c	1235.84 ± 6.10^b	1184.87 ± 4.80^a	1231.34 ± 4.45^b
	Serum creatinine	1.07 ± 0.07^c	0.83 ± 0.04^b	0.81 ± 0.02^a,b	0.73 ± 0.04^a
	Urinary creatinine	112.20 ± 3.45^b	95.12 ± 1.99^a	96.95 ± 4.17^a	119.51 ± 1.99^c
	Urinary protein	15.51 ± 1.52^a	14.72 ± 1.52^a	14.32 ± 1.84^a	15.51 ± 0.80^a

The table values are presented as mean ± standard deviation of 4 repetitions. In the same line and by sex, the values bearing the different letters are significantly different according to Waller Duncan’s multiple comparison test ().