| | Study cohort | Country | No. | Age | Interventions | Course (days) | Outcome | | (C/T) | (C/T) | C | T |
| | Gao et al., 2009 [16] | China | 54 (26/28) | 63.40 ± 7.50/64.60 ± 6.20 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shuigou-GV26, Shaoshang-LU11, Yinbai-SP1, Daling-PC7, Shenmai-BL62, Fengfu-GV16, Jiache-ST6, Chengjiang-RN24, Quchi-LI11, etc.), Qd | 30 | ①, ② | | Hao et al., 2016 [17] | China | 54 (27/27) | 58.02 ± 7.96/57.71 ± 8.25 | Estazolam (0.5–1 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Zusanli-ST36, Guanyuan-RN4, Hegu-LI4, Baihui-GV20, Quchi-LI11, etc.) | 28 | ①, ② | | Hou et al., 2018 [18] | China | 60 (30/30) | 62.00 ± 5.00/61.00 ± 5.00 | Diazepam (2.5 mg, Qn) | Acupuncture (Baihui-GV20, Ningshen, Neiguan-PC6, Taiyang-EX-HN5, Sanyinjiao-SP6, Zhaohai-KI6, Zusanli-ST36), 40 min, Qd | 30 | ① | | Huang et al., 2019 [19] | China | 60 (30/30) | 59.47 ± 8.34/60.17 ± 10.12 | Estazolam (1-2 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture and moxibustion of invigorating spleen and regulating spirit (Zhongwan-RN12, Tianshu-ST25, Zusanli-ST36, etc.) + Yintan-GV29 + Zusanli-ST36 moxibustion, 30 min, 5 times/week, 4 weeks | 28 | ①, ② | | Jia, 2010 [20] | China | 60 (30/30) | 63.10 ± 7.00/62.50 ± 6.40 | Estazolam (2 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shenmen-HT7, Sanyinjiao-SP6, Shenting-GV24, Sishencong-EX-HN1, Neiguan-PC6, Taichong-LR3, Taixi-KI3), 20–30 min, 5 times/week | 28 | ①, ②, ③ | | Ji, 2016 [21] | China | 60 (30/30) | 65/63 | Estazolam (2 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Sanyinjiao-SP6, Baihui-GV20, Anmian, Neiting-ST44, Fenglong-ST40, Shenting-GV24, Shenmen-HT7, etc.), 30 min, Qd | 28 | ①, ③ | | Li, 2007 [22] | China | 64 (32/32) | 67.30 ± 8.30/69.80 ± 7.10 | Diazepam 2.5 mg or estazolam 1 mg, Qd | Acupuncture (Shenmen-HT7, Sanyinjiao-SP6, Shenting-GV24, Sishencong- EX-HN1, Neiguan-PC6, etc) + auricular point: Shenmen, 20∼30 min, 6 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Li, 2015 [23] | China | 80 (40/40) | 50.00 ± 3.00/51.10 ± 2.40 | Estazolam (2 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shenmai-BL62, Zhaohai-KI6, Dazhui-GV14, Guanyuan-RN4, Taichong-LR3, Quchi-LI11, etc.), 20 min, 5 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Liu, 2006 [24] | China | 62 (30/32) | 67.50 ± 8.20/69.90 ± 6.90 | Diazepam 2.5 mg or estazolam 1 mg, Qd | Acupuncture (Shenmen-HT7, Sanyinjiao-SP6, Shenting-GV24, Sishencong- EX-HN1, Neiguan-PC6, etc.) + auricular point (Shenmen), 30 min, 5 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Liu et al., 2017 [25] | China | 70 (35/35) | 63.02 ± 7.79/62.08 ± 7.82 | Estazolam (1 mg∼2 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Baihui-GV20, Shenting-GV24, Guanyuan-RN4, Qihai-RN6, Shenmen-HT7, Sanyinjiao-SP6, etc.), 30 min, 5 times/week | 28 | ①, ②, ③ | | Liu and Zhang, 2017 [26] | China | 72 (36/36) | 52.08 ± 6.19/52.31 ± 8.26 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Auricular acupuncture (Xin, Shenmen, Neifenmi, Jiaogan, etc.), every 3 days, 2 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Lu et al., 2008 [27] | China | 50 (25/25) | 62.40 ± 4.88/61.48 ± 3.72 | Diazepam (5 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shenting-GV24, Baihui-GV20, Fengfu-GV16, Shendao-GV11, Shenshu-BL23, Taixi-KI3, Shenmen-HT7, Neiguan-PC6), 30 min, 6 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Ma et al., 2016 [28] | China | 80 (40/40) | 63.70 ± 4.94/61.88 ± 5.16 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Baihui-GV20, Shenting-GV24, Guanyuan-RN4, Qihai-RN6, Shenmen-HT7, Sanyinjiao-SP6, etc.), 30 min, Qd | 28 | ①, ②, ③ | | Mi et al., 2009 [29] | China | 80 (40/40) | 63.11 ± 11.96/65.28 ± 10.55 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shuigou-GV26, Neiguan-PC6, Sanyinjiao-SP6, JIquan-HT1, Chize-LU5, Weizhong-BL40, Zhongwan-RN12, etc.), 30 min, 5 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Qin et al., 2019 [30] | China | 70 (35/35) | 51.80 ± 5.10/52.50 ± 5.30 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shendao-GV11, Shuigou-GV26, Shenting-GV24, Shenshu-BL23, Taixi-KI3), 50 min, Qd | 28 | ①, ② | | Sun, 2013 [31] | China | 85 (43/42) | 73.00 ± 10.56/74.83 ± 8.84 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Cowherb seed ear beans (Xin, Shenmen, Pizhixia, etc.), 3 min, Tid) | 28 | ①, ② | | Tang and Zhang, 2015 [32] | China | 65 (31/34) | 59.68 ± 8.73/58.25 ± 9.31 | Estazolam (2 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shenting-GV24, Benshen-GB13, Shenmen-HT7, etc.), 30 min, 5 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Wu et al., 2020 [33] | China | 76 (38/38) | 59.31 ± 3.51/58.22 ± 3.42 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Estazolam + acupuncture (Baihui-GV20, Shenting-GV24, Yintan-GV29, Sishencong- EX-HN1, etc.), 30 min, Qd, 6 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Wang et al., 2018 [34] | China | 152 (76/76) | 64.00 ± 6.00/64.00 ± 6.00 | Zopiclone (3 mg, Qd) | Zopiclone + acupuncture (Baihui-GV20, Taiyang-EX-HN5 Zusanli-ST36), 20–30 min, Qd | 28 | ①, ② | | Xie, 2018 [35] | China | 83 (40/43) | 58.15 ± 12.20/56.94 ± 9.83 | Estazolam (2 mg, 4–6 times/week) | Acupuncture (Sanyinjiao-SP6, Shenmen-HT7, Sishencong-EX-HN1, Taichong-LR3, Neiguan-PC6, Taixi-KI3, etc), 20–30 min, 6 times/week | 28 | ①, ②, ③ | | Xu et al., 2012 [36] | China | 60 (30/30) | 62.40 ± 4.78/62.48 ± 3.66 | Diazepam (5 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shenting-GV24, Baihui-GV20, Fengfu-GV16, Shendao-GV11, Sishencong-EX-HN1), 30 min, 6 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Yang, 2015 [37] | China | 65 (32/33) | 63.20 ± 7.21/65.20 ± 7.64 | Estazolam (2 mg, Qd) | Moxibustion (Dazhui-GV14 to Yaoyangguan-GV3), 45 min, 3 times/week | 90 | ①, ② | | Ye et al., 2010 [38] | China | 60 (30/30) | 62.40 ± 4.88/61.48 ± 3.72 | Diazepam (5.0 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Shenting-GV24, Baihui-GV20, Fengfu-GV16, Shendao-GV11, Sishencong-EX-HN1), 30 min, 6 times/week | 28 | ① | | Zhang, 2012 [39] | China | 80 (40/40) | 60.4/58.7 | Diazepam 2.5 mg or estazolam 1 mg, Qd | Acupuncture (Shenmen-HT7, Baihui-GV20, Shenting-GV24, etc.) + auricular acupuncture (Xin, Pi, Shenmen, Jiaogan), 30 min, 6 times/week | 28 | ①, ② | | Zhang and Zhau, 2016 [40] | China | 71 (36/35) | 74.70 ± 13.10/74.40 ± 9.38 | Estazolam | Estazolam + auricular point pressing (Pizhixia, Shenmen, Shenjingshuairuoqu, Zhen, etc.), 3 min, 2 times/week | 40 | ② | | Zhuang and Jiang, 2014 [41] | China | 99 (50/49) | 61.06 ± 8.72/63.88 ± 8.07 | Estazolam (1 mg, Qd) | Acupuncture (Sishencong-EX-HN1, Neiguan-PC6, Shenmen-HT7, Laogong-PC8, etc.), 30 min, Qd | 30 | ② |
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