Phytochemical Characterization and Pharmacological Properties of Lichen Extracts from Cetrarioid Clade by Multivariate Analysis and Molecular Docking

Table 2

Yields, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP), total phenolic content, and EAP index of methanol lichen extracts belonging to cetrarioid clade.

Lichen species	Yields; (% w/w)	DPPH IC50 (μg/mL)	ORAC value; (μmol TE/mg dry extract)	FRAP; (μmol of Fe^2+ eq/g sample)	Total phenolic content; (μg GA/mg)	EAP Index	Rank
Allocetraria ambigua (C. Bab.) Kurok. and M.J. Lai	7.8 ± 3.6	895.9 ± 96.5^h,i,k,l,n	1.3 ± 0.2^d,f,j	19.9 ± 2.6^c,d,e,f,g,j	52.4 ± 6.2	42.1	7
Asahinea scholanderi (Llano)	10.3 ± 1.3	1069.25 ± 45.8^h,i,k,l,n	2.8 ± 0.1^a,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,m,n	16.8 ± 2.2^c,f,g,j	83.1 ± 5.6^a,c,d,e,f,g,i,n	50.1	5
Cetraria commixta (Nyl.) Th. Fr	10.3 ± 1.2	1657.9 ± 110.4^a,b,e,f,h,j,i,k,l,n	1.5 ± 0.03^d,e,f,j,m	8.4 ± 2.3	44.9 ± 1.9	26.4	13
Cetraria crespoae (Barreno and Vazquez) Karnefelt	6.2 ± 1.6	2293.7 ± 54.9^a,b,c,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n	0.6 ± 0.02	12.6 ± 0.4	49.3 ± 8.6	26.5	14
Cetraria cucullata (Bell.) Ach.	8.7 ± 0.8	1262.8 ± 33.7^a,f,h,i,j,k,l,n	0.7 ± 0.1	11.7 ± 1.7	39.3 ± 1.5	27.3	12
Cetraria ericetorum. Opiz	6.2 ± 0.1	830.4 ± 60.8^h,l,n	3.6 ± 0.3	7.3 ± 0.6	41.7 ± 1.2	38	8
Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach	5.6 ± 1.6	1485.1 ± 96.1^a,b,f,h,i,j,k,l,n	1.5 ± 0.1^d,e,f,j	10.4 ± 1.7	44.7 ± 4.2	29.6	11
Dactylina arctica (Hook) Nyl.	11.3 ± 0.3	346.3 ± 7.9	8.2 ± 0.6^a,b,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,l,m,n	29.6 ± 1.8^a,b,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,m	113.5 ± 6.7^a,b,c,d,e,f,g,I,j,k,l,m,n	93.5	1
Nephromopsis laureri (Kremp.) Kurok.	7.5 ± 2.7	593.5 ± 53.5^n	1.5 ± 0.1^d,e,f,j,m	16.6 ± 2.1^c,f,g	45.1 ± 5.1	44.6	6
Nephromopsis pallescens (Schaer.) Y.S. Park	8.1 ± 2.3	896.95 ± 137.1^n	0.4 ± 0.04	11.6 ± 0.1	69.9 ± 5.7^c,e,f,g,i,	36.1	9
Nephromopsis stracheyi (C. Bab.) Müll. Arg.	9.2 ± 3.1	595.3 ± 64.3^n	3.8 ± 0.4^a,b,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,l,m,n	27.1 ± 1.3^a,b,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,m	84.2 ± 6.5^a,c,d,e,f,g,I,,l,n	66.8	2
Tuckermannopsis americana (Spreng) Hale	9.8 ± 0.7	445.9 ± 45.8	2.3 ± 0.2^a,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,m,n	25.1 ± 1.9^b,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,m	60 ± 8.1	59.6	4
Tuckneraria ahtii Randlane and Saag	7.8 ± 3.6	1693.2 ± 112.2^a,b,e,f,h,i,j,k,l,m,n	0.8 ± 0.1	14.3 ± 1.2^f	63 ± 6.2	32.3	10
Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.E. Mattsson and M.J. Lai	9.1 ± 1.7	283.7 ± 31.7	1.5 ± 0.1^d,e,f,j,m	25.4 ± 2.3^b,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,m	48.9 ± 4.8	61.8	3

Statistical significance ( < 0.05) is presented in letter superscripts: (a) versus Allocetraria ambigua; (b) versus Asahinea scholanderi; (c) versus Cetraria commixta; (d) versus Cetraria crespoae; (e) versus Cetraria cucullata; (f) versus Cetraria ericetorum; (g) versus Cetraria nivalis; (h) versus Dactylina arctica; (i) versus Nephromopsis laureri; (j) versus Nephromopsis pallescens; (k) versus Nephromopsis stracheyi; (l) versus Tuckermannopsis americana; (m) versus Tuckneraria ahtii; and (n) versus Vulpicida pinastri.