Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Phytochemical Characterization and Pharmacological Properties of Lichen Extracts from Cetrarioid Clade by Multivariate Analysis and Molecular Docking

Table 3

In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of clusters of lichen species obtained by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).


	Cluster 1A	Cluster 1B	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	-value	-value

DPPH (IC₅₀ µg/mL)	832.3 ± 335.4	554.8 ± 260.3	1445.7^a,b,d ± 506.6	346.3 ± 0.2	0.002	<0.001
ORAC (µmol TE/mg dry extract)	3.3^d ± 0.7	1.7^a,d ± 0.44	1.3^a,d ± 1.1	8.2 ± 0.1	0.028	<0.001
FRAP (µmol of Fe²⁺ eq/g sample	22^d ± 7.3	21.8^d ± 4.3	10.9^a,d ± 2.4	29.6 ± 0.2	<0.001	<0.001
Total phenolic content (µg GA/mg)	83.7^d ± 0.8	51.6^a,d ± 6.3	50.4^a,d ± 11.6	113.5 ± 0.2	<0.001	<0.001

Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Levene’s F test for equality of variances. One-way ANOVA test. Statistical significance is presented in superscripts letter: (a) versus cluster 1A; (b) versus cluster 1B; (c) versus cluster 2, and (d) versus cluster 3.