| S. no. | Country | Parts used | Mode of administration | Medicinal uses | References |
| 1 | Africa | Leaves, stem bark, pods, and seeds | — | Dysentery, diarrhea, bronchial asthma, eczema, insect bite, allergy, piles, hernia, malaria, gonorrhea, scrofulous swellings, earache, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic | [7] | Zulu of Southern Africa | Bark and roots | — | Scabies, inflamed eyes, piles, and bronchitis | [11] | West Africa | | — | Diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, bronchitis, asthma, eczema, and leprosy | [31, 38] | 2 | Asia | Stem | — | Abdominal tumors, boils, cough, eye disorders, and lung ailments | [31] | Bark | 3 | Australia | Seed, = stem bark, and root bark | — | Diarrhea, gastroenteritis, hemorrhoids, bronchitis, leprosy, paralysis, parasitic infestation, ulcer, snakebite, gum ailments, abdominal tumors, boils, cough, eye disorders, and lung ailments | [31, 39] | 4 | Bangladesh | Bark, seed, and leaves | Decoction | Piles, diarrhea, toothache, gum ailments, bronchial asthma, allergic disorder, and ophthalmia | [36] | 5 | China | Flowers | | Anxiety, depression, and insomnia | [27] | 6 | India | Bark and seed | Powder and juice | Astringent, tonic, restorative, and anus pain | [40, 41] | | Bark, flowers, seeds, and roots | | Arthritis, bone fracture, edema, poisoning, asthma, bronchitis, skin disease, cold and cough, itching, pruritus, wounds healing, leprosy, malaria, gonorrhea, abscesses, boils and abdominal tumors, snakebite, scorpion sting, hemorrhage, and gum inflammation | [9, 10] | | | | Spermatorrhea | [42] | India (Bhils and Meena tribes) | Stem bark, flowers, and leaves | Powder, paste, and decoction | Stone, boil, pimples, ulcer, gums ailments, pharyngitis, insect bite, and scorpion sting | [8] | India (tribes of Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir) | | | Inflammation | [28] | India (Tamil Nadu) | | | Bone fractures | | 7 | Myanmar (Burma) | | | Abdominal tumors | [9] | 8 | Nepal | Root, leaves, flowers, bark, and seed | Bark aqueous extract (leaf), decoction (seed), ointment, and powder | Snakebite, scorpion sting, hemicrania, strengthen gum, ophthalmia, cough, bronchitis, asthma, prevent conception in women, anus pain, night blindness, astringent, piles, diarrhea, dysentery, gums ailment (spongy and ulcerated gums), emollient for boils, eruption, carbuncle, swelling, eye disease, and scrofulous enlargement of glands | [6, 40, 43] | 9 | Nigeria | | Aqueous extract | Fever, pain, epilepsy, and inflammation | [11] | 10 | Philippines | Bark and leaves | Decoction | Dysentery, diarrhea, and ulcer | [44] | 11 | Taiwan | Bark | | Anthelmintic, diuretic, stimulant, tonic, and vermifuge | [35] | 12 | Tibet | | | Kapha, pitta, poisoning, erysipelas, and ulcer | [34] |
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