Chinese Herbal Medicine as an Adjunctive Therapy Improves the Survival Rate of Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Table 4
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of mortality risk associated with the most-used herbal products for the treatment of ischemic heart disease: a comparison of Chinese herbal medicine users and nonusers.
Prescription
n
Frequency of mortality
Hazard ratio (95% CI) compared with non-CHM group
Crude
Adjusted†
Non-CHM group
20192
2745
1 (reference)
1 (reference)
CHM group
20192
1494
0.42 (0.39, 0.45)
0.45 (0.42, 0.48)
Single herb
Danshen
142
8
0.32 (0.16, 0.64)
0.28 (0.14, 0.56)
Huang qi
40
4
0.55 (0.21, 1.46)
0.51 (0.19, 1.36)
Niu xi
21
3
0.80 (0.26, 2.49)
0.79 (0.25, 2.45)
Da huang
18
0
Fu zi
15
1
0.38 (0.05, 2.72)
0.33 (0.05, 2.32)
San qi
22
1
0.26 (0.04, 1.79)
0.30 (0.04, 2.14)
Ji xue teng
17
3
1.02 (0.33, 3.16)
0.83 (0.27, 2.56)
Hong hua
22
5
1.26 (0.53, 3.03)
1.05 (0.44, 2.52)
Xu duan
12
2
0.93 (0.23, 3.72)
0.83 (0.21, 3.31)
Ze xie
13
0
CHM formula
Zhi-Gan-Cao-Tang
107
9
0.51 (0.27, 0.98)
0.51 (0.26, 0.98)
Xue-fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang
95
4
0.24 (0.09, 0.63)
0.23 (0.09, 0.62)
Tian-Wang-Bu-Xin-Dan
54
3
0.31 (0.10, 0.96)
0.29 (0.09, 0.90)
Sheng-Mai-San
40
2
0.27 (0.07, 1.06)
0.26 (0.07, 1.03)
Yang-Xin-Tang
24
2
0.47 (0.12, 1.86)
0.39 (0.10, 1.56)
Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San
37
2
0.31 (0.08, 1.24)
0.52 (0.13, 2.06)
Ji-Sehng-Shen-Qi-Wan
25
2
0.45 (0.11, 1.81)
0.28 (0.07, 1.13)
Sheng-Mai-Yin
33
2
0.39 (0.10, 1.57)
0.40 (0.10, 1.62)
Zhen-Wu-Tang
22
2
056 (0.14, 2.23)
0.51 (0.13, 2.03)
Ma-Zi-Ren-Wan
19
1
0.31 (0.04, 2.15)
0.25 (0.04, 1.80)
Crude HR represented relative hazard ratio; adjusted HR† represented adjusted hazard ratio: mutually adjusted for age, gender, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, stroke, and Charlson comorbidity index in Cox proportional hazards regression. CHM: Chinese herbal medicine; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio. ,, and .
