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| English name | Latin name | Chinese name | Place of production (province) | Collecting time (season) | Part used | Amount used (g) | TCM efficacy | Pharmacological activity |
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| Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge | Radix Salviae | Danshen | Hubei, Henan | Spring and autumn | Root and rootstock | 15 | Activating blood and removing stasis; inducing menstruation to relieve menalgia; eliminating the heart-fire; cooling-blood | Inhibiting increase of blood serum level of triglycerides [15], reversing renal injury induced [16], reversing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury [17], relieving myocardial ischemia [18], ameliorating diabetic vascular injury [19] |
| Astragalus membranaceus Bge | Astragalus propinquus | Huangqi | Shandong | Autumn | Root | 12 | Invigorating Qi for strengthening superficies; diuresis; promoting granulation | Inhibiting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial hypertrophy, vascular endothelial dysfunction, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, viral myocarditis, and diabetes mellitus [20], exerting antioxidant activity [21] |
| Radix Pilose Asiabell | Codonopsis Radix | Dangshen | Gansu | Autumn | Root | 10 | Tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi; promote the production of body fluid; strengthening spleen; and tonifying lung | Preventing hypoxia-induced platelet activation and resultant procoagulant state [22], promoting mouse immune function [23], inhibiting the development of diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia [24], and relieving myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury [25] |
| Radix Scrophulariae | Scrophularia ningpoensis | Xuanshen | Hebei | Winter | Root | 5 | Removing pathogenic heat from blood; nourishing yin for lowering fire; clearing toxic material, dispersing mass | Reversing heart and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury [26], relieving diabetic nephropathy [27], inhibiting the ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension [28], attenuating arteriosclerosis [29] |
| Hirudo nipponica (Whitman) | Whitmania pigra Whitman | Shuizhi | Shandong | Summer and autumn | All parts of the Hirudo | 3 | Broken blood stasis, pursue action of silt, stimulate the menstrual flow | Promoting blood circulation and removing stasis [30], relieving atherosclerosis [31], alleviating thrombus burden [32], improving blood hyperviscosity and related metabolic disorders [33] |
| Lumbricus | Pheretima | Dilong | North China | Summer and autumn | All parts | 5 | Dredging collaterals, relieving cough and asthma, clearing heat, diuretic | Exerting anti-thrombus [34], reversing mitochondrial injury and pro-fibrotic events [35], protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion [36] |
| Eupolyphaga sinensis (Walker) | Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga  | Tubiechong | North China | Summer and autumn | All parts | 5 | Broken blood stasis, reunion of fractured tendons and bones | Relieving atherosclerosis [37], exerting antiangiogenesis [38] |
| Rhizoma Corydalis | Corydalis Rhizoma | Yanhusuo | Zhejiang; Jiangsu | Summer | Tubers | 5 | Removing blood stasis; regulating Qi; and relieve pain | Degrading the blood clot and delaying the plasma recalcification time [39], inhibiting inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and platelet aggregation [40], improving the hypercoagulable state [41] |
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