Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

The Neuroprotective Potential of Endophytic Fungi and Proposed Molecular Mechanism: A Current Update

Table 1

Neuroprotective effects of few bioactive compounds isolated from endophytes.


S.N.	Endophytic fungi	Isolated compounds from endophytes	Neuroprotective effects	References

1.	Nigrospora oryzae	Quercetin and (GL15) isolates	↓AChE	[71]
2.	Alternaria alternate	Alternariol, alternariol 5-O-methyl ether, altenusin B, altenuene, altenusin, alterlactone and dehydroaltenusin	↑Nirf-2	[72]
3.	Fusarium spp.	OQ-fus-2-F	↓AChE	[73]
4.	Chaetomium globosum and Phomopsis spp.	Chaetoglobosin F, chaetoglobosin fex, chaetoglobosin E, cytoglobosin A, penochalasin C, isochaetoglobosin D, cytochalasin H, and 18-methoxycytochalasin J	↓H₂O₂/MMP⁺, ↓Lactate dehydrogenase	[74]
5.	Fusarium lateritium	6-deoxyoysporidinone (SSF2-1), 4,6′-anhydrooxysproridinone (SSF2-2), and sambutoxin (SSF2-3)	↓ROS, ↑O²⁻, ↓Ca²⁺ influx, ↑Nrf2, ↓cytochrome c	[75]
6.	Fusarium solani	ϒ-pyrone, fusarester D, karuquinone B, javanicin, solaniol, and fusarubin	↑Cell viability	[76]
7.	Alternaria brassicae	Huperzine A, AGF040 to AGF050	↓AChE	[78]
8.	Neosartorya fidcheri	Sartorypyrone E, sartorypyrone A, cyclotryprostatin B, fumitremorgin B, fumitremorgin A, aszonalenin, acetylaszonalenin, fischerin, and pyripyropene A	↓ROS, ↓Ca²⁺, ↓MAPKs	[87]
9.	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	Colletotrichamide A, colletotrichamide B, colletotrichamide C, colletotrichamide D, and colletotrichamide E	Protective effects against glutamate induced HT22 cell death	[88]
10.	Colletotrichum spp.	1,3-dihydroxy-2,8-dimethoxy-6-methylanthraquinone, 1-hydroxy-2,3,8-trimethoxy-6-methylanthraquinone, 1,2-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxy-6-methylanthraquinone, and evariquinone	↓ROS, ↓Ca²⁺, ↓MAPKs	[19]