Research Article
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Composition of Ocimum americanum L. (Lamiaceae)
Table 4
MIC, MBC, and MFC of Ocimum americanum L. crude extracts and their fractions of various solvents against test microbes.
| | Pathogen | | Macro dilution (mg/mL) | Agar well diffusion (mg/mL) | | Sample | MIC (mg/mL) | MBC (mg/mL) | MBC/MIC | MIC | MBC | MBC/MIC |
| | Bacillus cereus (gram +ve) | Acetone crude extract | ND | 208.33 ± 72.17 | — | 1.93 ± 0.14 | 7.74 ± 0.55 | 4.01 | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | — | 1.38 ± 0.34 | 5.50 ± 1.37 | 3.99 | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | — | 1.91 ± 0.15 | 7.64 ± 0.61 | 4.00 | | 70% hydroethanolic crude extract | ND | 208.33 ± 72.17 | — | 1.54 ± 0.09 | 6.15 ± 0.37 | 3.99 | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 83.33 ± 36.08 | — | 2.70 ± 0.81 | 10.81 ± 3.26 | 4.00 | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | | 3.43 ± 0.23 | 13.71 ± 0.93 | 4.00 |
| | Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve) | Acetone crude extract | ND | 52.08 ± 18.04 | — | 1.49 ± 0.62 | 5.95 ± 2.50 | 3.99 | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 104.17 ± 36.08 | — | 0.72 ± 0.53 | 2.90 ± 2.11 | 4.03 | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | — | 2.26 ± 0.06 | 9.01 ± 0.22 | 3.99 | | 70% hydroethanolic crude extract | ND | 208.33 ± 72.17 | — | 1.84 ± 0.78 | 7.34 ± 3.12 | 3.99 | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 83.33 ± 36.08 | — | 2.87 ± 0.21 | 11.46 ± 0.84 | 3.99 | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 104.17 ± 36.08 | | 3.34 ± 0.14 | 13.37 ± 0.55 | 4.00 |
| | Escherichia coli (gram −ve) | Acetone crude extract | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | — | IE | IE | — | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 83.33 ± 36.08 | — | IE | IE | — | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | — | IE | IE | — | | 70% hydroethanolic crude extract | ND | 83.33 ± 36.08 | — | IE | IE | — | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 20.83 ± 9.02 | — | IE | IE | — | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 41.67 ± 18.04 | | IE | IE | — |
| | Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram −ve) | Acetone crude extract | ND | 145.83 ± 95.47 | — | IE | IE | — | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 250.00 ± 0.00 | — | IE | IE | — | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 83.33 ± 36.08 | — | IE | IE | — | | 70% hydroethanolic crude extract | ND | 333.33 ± 144.33 | — | IE | IE | — | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 208.33 ± 72.17 | — | IE | IE | — | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 208.33 ± 72.17 | — | IE | IE | — |
| | Candida albicans (Fungi) | Acetone crude extract | ND | 250.00 ± 0.00 | — | 2.87 ± 0.18 | 11.46 ± 0.74 | 3.99 | | Chloroform fraction | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | — | 2.88 ± 0.31 | 11.52 ± 1.24 | 4.00 | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | 166.67 ± 72.17 | — | 2.65 ± 0.58 | 10.58 ± 2.30 | 3.99 | | 70% hydroethanolic crude extract | ND | IE | — | IE | IE | — | | Chloroform fraction | ND | IE | — | IE | IE | — | | Ethyl acetate fraction | ND | IE | | IE | IE | — |
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MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; MBC/MIC: ratio of minimum inhibitory concentration to minimum bactericidal concentration; ND: not determined; IE: ineffective.
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