Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses

Table 1

Chemical composition of the aerial parts of T. terrestris and T. domingensis extracts by GC-MS.


S. No.	RT	Name of the compound	Molecular formula	Molecular weight	Area% Tribulus terrestris L.	Area% Typha domingensis Pers.	Nature of compound	Structure	Pharmacological activity

1	10.57	Benzoic acid, methyl ester	C₈H₈O₂	136	—	1.82	Aromatic acid ester		Antibacterial [27]
2	16.05	Cyclohexasiloxane, Dodecamethyl-(D6)	C₁₂H₃₆O₆ Si₆	444	1.31	—	Siloxane deriv.		Used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants, and deodorants; antibacterial and antifungal [28]
3	20.33	Cycloheptasiloxane, tetradecamethyl-	C₁₄H₄₂O₇ Si₇	518	1.67	3.19	Siloxane deriv.		Preservative [27]
4	24.15	Cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-	C₁₆H₄₈O₈ Si₈	592	1.01	—	Siloxane deriv.		Antimicrobial [27]
5	27.42	Heptasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethyl-	C₁₄H₄₄O₆ Si₇	504	1.04	3.10	Siloxane deriv.		Insecticidal activity [29]
6	31.08	Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester	C₁₇H₃₄O₂	270	1.67	—	Fatty acid ester		Hemolytic, antiandrogenic, lubricant, pesticide, nematicide, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic [30]
7	34.79	Methyl 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate	C₁₉H₃₄O₂	294	1.34	—	Fatty acid ester		Dienophilic activity [31]
8	34.94	9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-	C₁₉H₃₂O₂	292	—	1.55	Fatty acid ester		Anti-inflammatory [32]
9	34.96	9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z)-	C₁₈H₃₁ClO	298	5.97	—	Alkyl chloride		Antioxidant, anticancer, thyroid inhibitor [33]
10	40.78	Methyl 9,10-methylene-octadecanoate	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	310	1.29	—	Fatty acid ester		No activity
11	45.15	13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-	C₂₃H₄₄O₂	352	5.98	—	Fatty acid ester		Anticancer [34]
12	45.76	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (diisooctyl phthalate)	C₂₄H₃₈O₄	390	34.74	27.45	Phthalic acid diester		Antibacterial, antifungal [35]
13	58.19	Stigmasterol	C₂₉H₄₈O	412	1.63	—	Phytosterol		Antimicrobial, anticancer, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant [33]
14	59.44	β-Sitosterol	C₂₉H₅₀O	414	1.80	2.40	Phytosterol		Antiasthma, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer [30]
15	60.54	Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-	C₁₆H₅₀O₇ Si₈	578	1.43	16.51	Siloxane deriv.		Antimicrobial [36], insecticidal activity [37]
Total identified phytocompounds		71.57	56.02

Reported activity obtained from Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical database [38].