Effect of Acupuncture on Diaphragm Function in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot Clinical Study

Table 3

Vital parameters and diaphragm ultrasound results in the different steps of the study.

	Baseline	Sham	Acu
Respiratory rate (1/min)	16 ± 3	14 ± 4	16 ± 4	0.3436
SpO2 (%)	98.6 ± 1.8	99.2 ± 1.4	99.4 ± 1.2	0.4927
Heart rate (1/min)	66.8 ± 10.8	68.1 ± 11.3	68.4 ± 11.7	0.9454
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	123.8 ± 11.3	122.7 ± 14.0	123.0 ± 15.2	0.9829
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	76.9 ± 8.3	78.1 ± 6.1	78.9 ± 8.9	0.8514
Tidal breathing
Inspired volume (mL)	602 ± 197	653 ± 195	671 ± 174	0.7067
Diaphragm displacement (mm)	19.4 ± 11.3	21.2 ± 12.2	18.6 ± 9.6	0.8701
End-inspiratory diaphragm thickness (mm)	1.55 ± 0.27	1.55 ± 0.23	1.56 ± 0.32	0.9968
End-expiratory diaphragm thickness (mm)	2.02 ± 0.29	2.02 ± 0.30	2.20 ± 0.34	0.3119
Diaphragm thickening fraction (%)	30.8 ± 15.3	31.3 ± 14.9	43.5 ± 16.6	0.1066
Vital capacity
Inspired volume (ml)	3110 ± 880	3230 ± 750	3840 ± 690	0.1247
Diaphragm displacement (mm)	56.5 ± 13.8	55.9 ± 17.3	64.7 ± 18.5	0.2811
End-inspiratory diaphragm thickness (mm)	1.66 ± 0.29	1.68 ± 0.32	1.52 ± 0.27	0.4595
End-expiratory diaphragm thickness (mm)	4.47 ± 1.01	4.89 ± 1.51	5.48 ± 1.72	0.3088
Diaphragm thickening fraction (%)	172.4 ± 57.4	188.6 ± 41.7	270.6 ± 136.4	0.0414