| | | Mean (95% CI) | | 2002 | 2009 | 2016 | Within-province change | | 2002 to 2009 | 2009 to 2016 |
| | Outcome variables | | Crude mortality per 100,000 population | 606.97 (585.12, 628.81) | 587.35 (562.15, 612.56) | 606.65 (576.13, 637.16) | −19.61 (−37.70, −1.52) | 19.29 (−3.43, 42.01) | | Age-standardized excess mortality per 100,000 population | −22.42 (−58.25, 13.40) | 62.07 (32.21, 91.94) | 94.72 (66.13, 123.31) | − | − | | Life expectancy at birth (both genders) | 71.98 (70.84, 73.11) | 74.54 (73.52, 75.56) | 77.10 (76.16, 78.04) | 2.56 (2.36, 2.77) | 2.56 (2.36, 2.77) | | Life expectancy at birth (female) | 74.01 (72.80, 75.22) | 77.05 (76.01, 78.09) | 80.09 (79.15, 81.02) | 3.04 (2.73, 3.35) | 3.04 (2.73, 3.35) | | Life expectancy at birth (male) | 70.13 (69.06, 71.20) | 72.32 (71.29, 73.34) | 74.50 (73.51, 75.50) | 2.19 (2.02, 2.35) | 2.19 (2.02, 2.35) | | Health expenses as a percentage of total consumption expenses among urban residents (%) | 7.19 (6.61, 7.77) | 7.23 (6.62, 7.85) | 7.51 (6.82, 8.21) | 0.04 (−0.28, 0.37) | 0.28 (−0.11, 0.68) | | Health expenditures as a percentage of total consumption expenses among rural residents (%) | 5.90 (5.28, 6.52) | 7.48 (6.65, 8.31) | 9.32 (8.45, 10.20) | 1.58 (1.05, 2.11) | 1.84 (1.22, 2.46) |
| | Independent variables | | TCM physicians per 100,000 population | 22.06 (18.48, 25.64) | 22.22 (19.17, 25.28) | 36.20 (31.88, 40.53) | 0.17 (−0.96, 1.30) | 13.98 (12.04, 15.92) | | The proportion of TCM physicians (%) | 13.64 (12.26, 15.01) | 11.91 (10.81, 13.01) | 15.41 (14.02, 16.80) | −1.73 (−2.40, −1.06) | 3.50 (2.83, 4.17) |
| | Control variables | | Dependency ratio (%) | 41.40 (39.08, 43.72) | 35.95 (33.71, 38.19) | 37.18 (35.12, 39.24) | −5.45 (−6.87, −4.03) | 1.23 (0.16, 2.30) | | Illiteracy rate (%) | 12.90 (10.02, 15.79) | 8.28 (5.76, 10.80) | 6.46 (3.89, 9.02) | −4.62 (−5.46, −3.78) | −1.82 (−2.48, −1.17) | | GDP per capita (thousand RMB) | 10.32 (7.43, 13.21) | 28.22 (22.51, 33.92) | 56.77 (47.33, 66.20) | 17.90 (14.68, 21.12) | 28.55 (24.42, 32.68) |
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