Strengthening of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Health System Reform: Effect on Health Outcomes and Financial Protection

Table 2

Fixed Effects Regression Results on the effect of TCM Physicians on Health Outcomes and Financial Protection, 2002 to 2016.

	Model 1 (TCM physicians per 100,000 population)	Model 2 (proportion of TCM physicians, %)
Health outcomes
Age-standardized excess mortality per 100,000 population	−1.944 (−3.269, −0.619)	−5.097 (−8.092, −2.102)
Life expectancy at birth (both genders/days)	2.555 (−1.737, 6.847)	17.520 (7.504, 27.536)
Life expectancy at birth (female/days)	−2.920 (−9.359, 3.519)	10.220 (−4.803, 25.243)
Life expectancy at birth (male/days)	5.840 (2.263, 9.417)	21.535 (12.950, 30.120)
Financial protection
Health expenses as a percentage of total consumption expenses among urban residents (%)	−0.051 (−0.076, −0.026)	−0.044 (−0.101, 0.013)
Health expenses as a percentage of total consumption expenses among rural residents (%)	−0.051 (−0.086, −0.016)	−0.082 (−0.162, −0.002)

The model was adjusted for province and yearly fixed effects, dependency ratio (%), illiteracy rate (%), and GDP per capita (thousands RMB). 95% CI in parentheses. .