Review Article

Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Long COVID: Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Table 1

Summary of the included studies.

Study IDTarget condition or outcomesType of the study (review, RCT, observational study, case report)Number of patientsCountryIntervention typeFrequency and duration of the treatmentSummary of the effectiveness (quote)Summary of the safety (quote)

Clinical studies
Li et al. [10]Lung inflammation after COVID-19 infectionProspective case-control study96 (CM: 64/control: 32)ChinaCHM decoctionCHM decoction 150 ml twice a day for 28 days“Patients with COVID-19 in convalescence had symptoms and lung inflammation after hospital discharge and recovered with time prolonging. CM could improve lung inflammation for early recovery.”NR
Zhi et al. [11]Lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis after COVID-19 infectionCase report1 caseChinaCHM decoctionCHM decoction 150 ml three times a day for one month“After one-month of oral treatment with traditional Chinese medicine decoction, without using other drugs, the lung inflammatory exudate, pulmonary fibrosis, and the quality of life of a 61-year-old female patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were significantly improved.”No adverse events occurred
Study protocols
Chi et al. [12]Dyspnea after ventilator weaning in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaAcupunctureNRNANA
Ding et al. [13]Quality of life in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaDance-based mind-motor activities including Tai chi, Baduanjin, Qigong, Yijinjing, Daoyin, and Tango dance programNRNANA
Kim et al. [14]Psychological sequelae in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for systematic review and meta-analysisNARepublic of KoreaTHMNRNANA
Lu et al. [15]Pulmonary fibrosis in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for RCT514 (TCM: 257/Placebo: 257)ChinaTCM herbal granuleTCM herbal granule three times a day for 12 monthsNANA
Luo et al. [16]Quality of life in the elderly patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaTai Chi such as Yang’s Tai Chi, Chen’s Tai Chi and other types of Tai ChiNRNANA
Ma et al. [17]Olfactory dysfunction induced by viral infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaTCM interventions including TCM decoction, acupuncture, moxibustion, massage and cuppingNRNANA
Ma et al. [18]Quality of life in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaBaduanjin exerciseNRNANA
Shi et al. [19]Various symptoms in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaTai ChiNRNANA
Sun et al. [20]Lung ventilation function in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaCHMNRNANA
Wang et al. [21]Quality of life in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaMeditative movements such as Tai Chi or qigong or Tai Chi combined with qigong or yogaNRNANA
Wen et al. [25]Quality of life in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaAcupunctureNRNANA
Wu et al. [22]Quality of life in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaMassage including tuina and manipulationNRNANA
Yadav et al. [23]Pulmonary function in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for RCT110 (55/55)IndiaAyurveda and yogaAyurveda interventions including Agastya Haritaki 6 g and Ashwagandha tablet 500 mg twice daily and two sessions of yoga (morning 30 minutes and evening 15 minutes) daily for 90 daysNANA
Zhu et al. [24]Pulmonary function in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infectionProtocol for the systematic review and meta-analysisNAChinaTai Chi such as Yang’s Tai Chi, Chen’s Tai Chi and other types of Tai ChiNRNANA

CHM: Chinese herbal medicine; NA: not applicable; NR: not reported; RCT: randomized controlled trial; TCM: traditional Chinese medicine; THM: traditional herbal medicine.