Piperine Enhances the Antimalarial Activity of Curcumin in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-Infected Mice: A Novel Approach for Malaria Prophylaxis

Figure 4

Normal hepatic architecture—normal hepatocytes and sinusoids (a); the liver from the untreated group showing severe congestion, necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and moderate inflammation (b); ART–mild inflammation and necrosis (c); CUR–necrosis, mild inflammation, sinusoidal dilatation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia (d); CUR + PIP–the moderate renewal of the degenerated hepatocytes, mild inflammation, and sinusoidal dilatation (e); PIP–moderate necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, mild sinusoidal congestion, and inflammation (f); Yellow arrow, normal cells; blue arrow, necrotic cells; green arrow, Kupffer cells; orange arrow, congestion. Magnification: 40×. ART, artesunate 5 mg/kg BW; CUR, curcumin 300 mg/kg BW; CUR + PIP, curcumin 300 mg/kg BW and piperine 20 mg/kg BW; PIP, piperine 20 mg/kg BW.