Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Acupuncture Inhibits Morphine Induced-Immune Suppress via Antioxidant System

Table 14

Histomorphometric analysis of left S-LN.


Items (Unit)	Controls		Acupuncture groups
Items (Unit)	Normal	Morphine	HT7	SI5	LI5

Total thickness (μm)	1210.61 ± 152.88	747.33 ± 11	747.33 ± 11	747.33 ± 11	747.33 ± 11
Cortex thickness (μm)	858.99 ± 121 .76	451.54 ± 68.2 3a	820.32 ± 111.51 c	746.99 ± 96.61^bc	681.75 ± 96.64^ac
Follicle numbers/mm2	23.67 ± 4.42	8.57 ± 1.99^a	18.11 ± 3.62^ac	14.44 ± 2.51^ac	12.56 ± 2.07^ad

Immunolabeled cells (positive cells/mm²)
CD3	787.44 ± 17362	362.43 ± 59.8 1a	752.89 ± 116.01 c	555.78 ± 92.44^ac	490.44 ± 60.76^ad
CD4	524.33 ± 11267	196.43 ± 23.8 2a	510.67 ± 106.71 c	442.11 ± 95.96^c	337.11 ± 86.61^ac
CD8	362.22 ± 73 37	95.43 ± 19.72^a	356.89 ± 54.01^c	306.44 ± 81.44^c	272.67 ± 38.04^ac
Foxp3	120.67 ± 34 09	355.86 ± 72.8 9e	184.22 ± 38.65^eg	204.22 ± 26.20^eg	233.44 ± 56.25^eg
CD34	497.11 ± 57 91	95.43 ± 17.61^a	421.33 ± 59.60^ac	321.89 ± 58.95^ac	264.89 ± 68.24^ac
CD45	460.78 ± 79.22	85.71 ± 16.14^a	397.11 ± 85.89^c	319.89 ± 101.02ac	250.44 ± 76.22^ac
iNOS	686.00 ± 163.58	89.71 ± 12.46^e	484.22 ± 76.88^eg	305.67 ± 59.25^eg	246.00 ± 78.14^eg
TNF-α	430.00 ± 44.63	134.57 ± 30.57a	441.22 ± 51.08^c	304.22 ± 41.33^ac	215.33 ± 61.31^ac
IL-1β	589.89 ± 114.95	114.00 ± 20.43e	457.78 ± 104.85fg	313.44 ± 73.04^eg	194.67 ± 27.37^eg
IL-2	485.33 ± 107.58	196.57 ± 60.57a	442.11 ± 100.77c	406.00 ± 64.41^c	330.67 ± 73.71^ac
IL-4	466.67 ± 79.49	110.29 ± 26.01a	436.00 ± 48.27^c	387.67 ± 61.81^ac	246.67 ± 47.81^ac
IL-6	240.67 ± 50.86	99.43 ± 20.94^a	193.33 ± 59.46^bc	169.56 ± 22.18^ac	153.33 ± 31.00^ad
IL-10	91.11 ± 18.92	451.43 ± 76.29e	172.44 ± 29.07^eg	252.89 ± 44.22^eg	331.33 ± 39.95^eg
IL-12A	637.56 ± 131.19	86.14 ± 15.98^e	450.89 ± 86.90^eg	350.22 ± 56.48^eg	315.33 ± 106.17^eg
IFN-γ	215.44 ± 46.38	45.29 ± 14.27^a	203.3 ± 29.50^c	158.33 ± 25.34^ac	119.33 ± 51.17^ac

Values are expressed as Mean ± SD. S-LN : Submandibular lymph node; CD : Cluster of differentiation; Foxp3: Forkhead box P3; IL : Interleukin; NOS2 : Inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS; TNF : Tumor necrosis factor; IFN : Interferon. ^a and ^b as compared to normal group; ^c and ^d as compared to morphine group by LSD test. ^e and ^f as compared to normal group; ^g as compared to morphine group by MW test.