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Parts used | Extracts | Experimental approaches | Key results | References |
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Aerial parts | Methanol extract | The animals treated with a single dose of 5000 mg/kg of M. spicata extract by oral gavage | No mortality during the observation period | [113] |
No toxicologically significant hematological and biochemical changes |
Any morphological changes in the heart, liver, kidney, and lung tissues of the rats |
LD50 is considered to be >5000 mg/kg |
Leaves | Ethanolic extract | The animals treated with a single dose of 10000, 12000, 14000, 16000, and 18000 mg/kg BW of M. spicata extract by oral gavage | NOEL dose for M. spicata was 10000 mg/kg | [114] |
100% mortality at 18000 mg/kg BW |
LD50 = 13606 mg/kg BW |
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Leaves | Ethanolic extract | The animals treated with 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg BW daily for 28 days | No signs of toxicity; no mortalities; no significant change in bodyweight; significant increase in WBC, Lym, and MCHC levels; significant reduction in HCT level; significant increase in AST levels; unaffected serum creatinine and urea; no significant histopathological change | [114] |
Whole plant | Methanol extract | Mice treated with a single dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of M. spicata extract by oral gavage | No mortality during the observation period | [97] |
Aerial parts | Essential oil | EO (0.05–0.5 mL) orally administered to mice (Mus musculus L., average weight 30.0 g, age 3 months) | LD50 = 8342.33 μL/kg | [66] |
Leaves | Ethanolic extract | The animals treated with 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg BW daily for 28 days | No signs of toxicity; no mortalities; no significant change in bodyweight; significant increase in WBC, Lym, and MCHC levels; significant reduction in HCT level; significant increase in AST levels; unaffected serum creatinine and urea; no significant histopathological change | [114] |
Whole plant | Methanol extract | Mice treated with a single dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of M. spicata extract by oral gavage | No mortality during the observation period | [97] |
Aerial parts | Essential oil | EO (0.05–0.5 mL) orally administered to mice (Mus musculus L., average weight 30.0 g, age 3 months) | LD50 = 8342.33 μL/kg | [66] |
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