|
Country | Part used | Compounds | Reference |
|
Morocco | Aerial parts | Carvone (33.14%) | [25] |
trans-Carveol (20.06%) |
β-Caryophyllene (4.41%) |
1,8-Cineole (3.99%) |
Germacrene D (3.14%) |
Menthone (2.19%) |
α-Pinene (1.06%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (47.30–69.19%) | [26] |
Limonene (4.48–15.43%) |
trans-4-Caranone (0.82–4.63%) |
iso-Dihydrocarveol acetate (0.06–2.66%) |
ρ-Mentha-3,8-diene (0.85–1.32%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (57.11%) | [27] |
Limonene (27.77%) |
3-Carene (1.01%) |
Germacrene D (0.65%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (29.00%) | [28] |
trans-Carveol (14.00%) |
1,8-Cineole (7.30%) |
Dihydrocarveol (l4.50%) |
Carvyl acetate-Z (6.70%) |
Germacrene D (3.90%) |
|
Italy | Aerial parts | Carvone (39.13 to 59.26%) | [29] |
1,8-Cineole (1.07–9.02%) |
Dihydrocarveol (2.36–5.94%) |
Germacrene D (1.79–4.11%) |
Limonene (5.9–11.40%) |
trans-Carvyl acetate (0.72–5.90%) |
Aerial parts | p-Cymene (33.9%) | [30] |
iso-Piperitone (23.7%) |
Piperitone (6.9%) |
Menthone (21.8) |
p-Cymen-8-ol (19.6) |
β-Linalool (15.2%) |
|
Czech Republic | Aerial parts | Carvone (0.7–59.1%) | [3] |
Menthol (1.1%–14.9%) |
p-Menthone (1.1%–4.4%) |
Piperitone oxide (34.1%) |
Germacrene D (14.6%) |
β-Caryophyllene (2.2–3%) |
Dihydrocarvone (11.8–12.7%) |
cis-Jasmone (1.6–1.8%) |
|
Turkey | Aerial parts | Piperitenone oxide (25.84%) | [31] |
Pulegone (24.72%) |
cis-Piperitenone oxide (12.55%) |
Limonene (1.59%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (34.70 to 79.70%) | [24] |
1,8-Cineole (3.40–33.80%) |
β-Pinene (0.87–5.29%) |
Limonene (1.10–22.10%) |
Menthone (0.20–2.73%) |
Pulegone (1.70–9.94%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (48.6–57.9%) | [32] |
ρ-Cymene (9.6–20.5%) |
1,8-Cineole (14.6–19.3%) |
Carvacrol (0.1–3.5%) |
α-Pinene(2.3–4.3%) |
Phenolic acids | Rosmarinic acid derivatives (88%) | [30] |
Salvianolic acids (5.6%) |
Caffeoylquinic acids (1.2%) |
Hydroxycinnamic (1.1%) |
Fatty acids | Palmitic acid (5.11 0.41%) | [33] |
Stearic acid (1.92 ± 0.21%) |
Oleic acid (8.19%) |
Linoleic acid (31.14%) |
α-Linolenic acid (48.17%) |
γ-Linolenic acid(2.07%) |
Stearidonic acid (3.02%) |
|
India | Aerial parts | Carvone (49.62–76.65%) | [34] |
Limonene (9.57–22.31%) |
1,8-Cineole (1.32–2.62%) |
trans-Carveol (0.3–1.52%) |
Phenolics | Pentadecanoic acid (7.47%) | [35] |
7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0] heptane (9.56%) |
3-Penten-2-one,4-(2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0] hept-1-yl)-,(E)-(12.20%) stigmast-4-EN-3-one (18.99%) |
Aerial parts | trans-Muurola-4 (14%) | [36] |
5-Diene (27.28%) |
Piperitenone oxide (22.22%) |
β-Caryophyllene (10.48%) |
Geranyl propanoate (6.55%) |
Sibirene (3.45%) |
Borneol (1.98%) |
Allo-ocimene (1.71%) |
β-Elemene (1.34%) |
Germacrene D-4-ol (1.02%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (57.49–72.47%) | [37] |
Limonene (10.70–24.81%) |
Myrcene (0.25–4.36%) |
1,8-Cineole (0.2–2.02%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (48.60%) | [38] |
Limonene (11.30%) |
cis-Carveol (21.30%) |
Linalool (1.30%) |
1,8-Cineole (2.55%) |
cis-Carvyl acetate (2.10%) |
cis-Dihydrocarvone (1.30%) |
Iran | Aerial parts | Carvone (65.15–74.21%) | [39] |
Limonene (12.22–20.55%) |
cis-Dihydrocarvone (2.34–11.13%) |
Caryophyllene (1.13–5.06%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (42.74–54.34%) | [4] |
trans-Dihydrocarvone (21.58%) |
1,8-Cineole (8.41–21.78%) |
Pulegone (6.83%) |
Limonene (5.2–6.1%) |
β-Caryophyllene (3.05%) |
Linalool (5.82%) |
trans-Dihydrocarvone (3.18%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (49.91%–56.92%) | [40] |
Piperitone oxide (10.69%–11.72%) |
1,8-Cineole (3.78–3.34%) |
Limonene (7.33–6.61%) |
Germacrene D (6.26–1.90%) |
Aerial parts | Carvone (54.34%) | [41] |
1,8-Cineole (8.41–22.71%) |
Piperitenone oxide (58.87%) |
3,8-Menthadiene (21.58%) |
α-Pinene (0.95–1.68%) |
2-Cyclohexen (42.74%) |
Borneol (5.82%) |
DL-Limonene (5.2%) |
Pulegone (6.83%) |
|
Malaysia | Flavonoids leaves | Catechin (14–14.4%) | [42] |
Epicatechin (15.6–16.3%) |
Rutin 1 (4.8–16.1%) |
Myricetin (4.1–11.7%) |
Luteolin (9.3–65.7%) |
Apigenin (27–39.2%) |
Naringenin (5.4–24.9%) |
|
Algeria | Leaves | Carvone (59.40%) | [7] |
Limonene (6.12%) |
1,8-Cineole, germacrene D (04.66%) |
β-Caryophyllene (2.969%) |
β-Bourbonene (2.796%) |
α-Terpineol (1.986%) |
Terpinene-4-ol (1.120%) |
|
Brazil | Aerial parts | Carvone (39.42–72.28%) | [43] |
Pulegone (5.53–10.48%) |
Carveol (3.30–4.98%) |
Cineol (1.49%) |
Leaves | Linalool (58.51%) | [6] |
Carvone (15.1%) |
α-Terpineol (1.43%) |
β-Caryophyllene (2.02%) |
Eucalyptol (1.04%) |
Terpinen-4-ol (5.73%) |
Leaves | Piperitone (81.18%) | [44] |
Piperitenone (14.75%) |
α-Pinene (0.51%) |
Limonene (1.47%) |
Aerial parts | Limonene (2.04–19.91%), | [45] |
Isomenthone (0.46–11.60%) |
Menthone (0.46–11.60%) |
1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol) (2.98–8.10%) |
d-Carvone (31.35–60.07%) |
β-Pinene (2.41–4.27%) |
Isomenthone (4.46%) |
Pulegone (6.68–53.65%) |
|
China | Aerial parts | Carvone (46.7–65.4%) | [46] |
Limonene (0.3–1.8%) |
Linalool (0.6 6.9%) |
Menthone (1.5–4.7%) |
Dihydrocarvone (0.8–15.7%) |
Dihydrocarveol acetate (0.2–7%) |
|
China | Aerial parts | Carvone (65.33%) | [11] |
Limonene (18.19%) |
Dihydrocarvone (2.97%) |
Camphene (2.34%) |
|
Hungary | Leaves | Carvone (35.9–60.5%) | [47] |
Citronellol (10.1–13.4%) |
Limonene (1.6–9.4%) |
Menthone (3.2–4.4%) |
α-Terpineol (2.1–3%) |
cis-Dihydrocarvone (1.5–2.2%) |
(e)-b-Caryophyllene (1.5–2.1%) |
|
Jordan | Aerial parts | Carvone (49.5%) | [48] |
Limonene (16.1%) |
1,8-Cineole (8.7%) |
cis-Dihydrocarvone (3.9%) |
β-Caryophyllene (2.7%) |
Germacrene D (2.1%) |
β-Pinene (1.1%) |
|
Abu Dhabi | Leaves | Carvone (14.79–87.11%) | [49] |
Dihydrocarvone (0.09–0.19%) |
Cineole (0.2–0.6%) |
Limonene (1.94–9.72%) |
Menthol (0.06–0.19%) |
Linalool (0.09–0.23%) |
α-Pinene (0.05–0.3%) |
|
Romania | Phenolics, 70% ethanol | Ferulic acid (27.32%) | [50] |
Sinapic acid (6.60%) |
p-Coumaric acid (15.24%) |
Luteolin (4.68%) |
|
Tunisia | Aerial parts | Carvone (39.21–75.53%) | [51] |
1,8-Cineole (7.24–12.49%) |
Limonene (6.07–18.45%) |
cis-Dihydrocarveol (1.17–6.56%) |
trans-Carveol (0–5.22%) |
Pulegone (38.74%) |
Menthone (28.56%) |
Menthol (5.64%) |
|
Bangladesh | Aerial parts | Carvone (73.29%) | [52] |
D-Limonene (7.59%) |
Dihydrocarvone (3.83%) |
α-Bourbonene (1.67%) |
trans-Sabinene hydrate (1.57%) |
trans-Carveol (1.25%) |
Dihydrocarveol (1.12%) |
Eucalyptol (1.01%) |
|
Serbia | Aerial parts | Carvone (49.5%) | [53] |
Menthone (21.9%) |
Piperitone 0.6%) |
β-Bourbonene (26.8%) |
β-Caryophyllene (0.7%) |
Germacrene A(0.5%) |
|
Palestine | Aerial parts | Limonene (6.23–9.79%) | [54] |
Carvone (36.9–76.82%) |
Sabinene (0.14–5.51%) |
cis-Dihydrocarvone (0.65–4.59%) |
β-Caryophyllene (0.81–3.87%) |
Dihydrocarveol (2.27–13.76%) |
|
Cyprus | Aerial parts | Carvone (ketone: 69.23–74.27%) | [55] |
Limonene (alkene: 10.42–11.39%) |
1,8-Cineole (alcohol: 5.28–5.99%) |
β-Pinene (alkene: 1.13–1.25%) |
β-Caryophyllene (alkene: 0.80–1.29%) |
Germacrene D (alkene: 2.09–3.13%) |
Bicyclogermacrene (0.60–1.01%) |
|
Pakistan | Aerial parts | Carvone (51.7%) | [5] |
cis-Carveol (24.3%) |
Limonene (5.3%) |
1,8-Cineol (4.0%) |
cis-Dihydrocarvone (2.2%) |
Carvyl acetate (2.1%) |
cis-Sabinene hydrate (1.0%) |
|