|
| Parts used | Extracts | Methods used | Strains tested | Key results | References |
|
| Leaves | Essential oils | Broth microdilution method | Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 14458) | MIC = 3.2 μL/mL | [6] |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228) | MIC = 1.6 μL/mL |
| Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778) | MIC = 1.6 μL/mL |
| Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644) | MIC = 3.2 μL/mL |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) | MIC = 3.2 μL/mL |
| Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (ATCC 13311) | MIC = 1.6 μL/mL |
| Salmonella. enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi (ATCC 19214) | MIC = 1.6 μL/mL |
| Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022) | MIC = 3.2 μL/mL |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oils | Disc diffusion assay | P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | No inhibition | [7] |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) | Ф = 9 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) | Ф = 11 mm |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Ф = 10 mm |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Ф = 13 mm |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Ф = 16 mm |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Ф = 8 mm |
| Salmonella typhi | Ф = 8 mm |
| Shigella sonnei | Ф = 9 mm |
|
| Leaves | Ethanol extract | Disc diffusion assay | Salmonella paratyphi | Ф = 17.00 ± 2.00 mm | [74] |
| Shigella boydii | Ф = 31.67 ± 1.53 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 23.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 9.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Vibrio cholerae | Ф = 12.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Trace activity |
| Enterococcus faecalis | No activity |
| Salmonella typhi | Trace activity |
| Proteus vulgaris | No activity |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | No activity |
|
| Leaves | Hexane fraction | Disc diffusion assay | Salmonella paratyphi | Ф = 25.67 ± 2.08 mm | [74] |
| Shigella boydii | Ф = 36.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 22.33 ± 1.53 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 10.67 ± 2.52 mm |
| Vibrio cholerae | Ф = 18.67 ± 0.58 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Trace activity |
| Enterococcus faecalis | No activity |
| Salmonella typhi | No activity |
| Proteus vulgaris | No activity |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | No activity |
|
| Leaves | Chloroform | Disc diffusion assay | Salmonella paratyphi | Ф = 22.67 ± 2.52 mm | [74] |
| Shigella boydii | Ф = 34.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 24.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 18.67 ± 1.53 mm |
| Vibrio cholerae | Ф = 16.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 12.33 ± 1.53 mm |
| Enterococcus faecalis | Ф = 8.33 ± 0.58 mm |
| Salmonella typhi | No activity |
| Proteus vulgaris | No activity |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | No activity |
|
| Leaves | Ethyl acetate fraction | Disc diffusion assay | Salmonella paratyphi | Ф = 20.67 ± 1.53 mm | [74] |
| Shigella boydii | Ф = 32.67 ± 2.52 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 25.33 ± 0.58 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 18.33 ± 1.53 mm |
| Vibrio cholerae | Ф = 17.33 ± 1.53 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 8.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Enterococcus faecalis | No activity |
| Salmonella typhi | No activity |
| Proteus vulgaris | No activity |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | No activity |
|
| Leaves | Aqueous fraction | Disc diffusion assay | Salmonella paratyphi | Ф = 22.33 ± 2.52 mm | [74] |
| Shigella boydii | Ф = 36.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 31.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 21.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Vibrio cholerae | Ф = 20.33 ± 0.58 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 10.00 ± 1.00 mm |
| Enterococcus faecalis | No activity |
| Salmonella typhi | Trace activity |
| Proteus vulgaris | No activity |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | No activity |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oil | Microdilution method | Staphylococcus epidermidis | MIC = 32 μg/mL | [48] |
| Escherichia coli | MIC = 64 μg/mL |
|
| Aerial parts | Volatile oil | Disk diffusion method | Xanthomonas spp. ZI378 | Ф = 14 mm | [64] |
| Xanthomonas spp. ZI376 | Ф = 14 mm |
| Xanthomonas spp. ZI375 | Ф = 13 mm |
| Xanthomonas spp. ZI373 | Ф = 13 mm |
| Xanthomonas spp. ZI370 | Ф = 13 mm |
| Xanthomonas spp. ZI368 | Ф = 13 mm |
| Xanthomonas spp. ZI366 | Ф = 12 mm |
| Xanthomonas spp. ZI365 | Ф = 16 mm |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Agar disc diffusion method
Microbroth dilution | Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) | Ф = 19 ± 1.73 mm | [75] |
| MIC = 1.25 μg/mL |
| MBC = 1.25 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) | Ф = 13.66 ± 1.1 mm |
| MIC = 1.25 μg/mL |
| MBC = 2.5 μg/mL |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | Ф = 9.5 ± 0.70 mm |
| MIC > 10 |
| MBC > 10 |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Disc method | MRSA (ATCC 43300) | Ф = 24.0 ± 1.0 mm | [65] |
| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) | Ф = 17.7 ± 0.6 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus (NCC B9163) | Ф = 14.3 ± 1.5 mm |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) | Ф = 11.0 ± 1.0 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | Ф = 6.0 ± 0.0 mm |
| Klebsiella pneumonia E47 | Ф = 10.3 ± 0.6 mm |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Spots method | MRSA (ATCC 43300) | Ф = 22.3 ± 1.5 mm | [65] |
| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) | Ф = 32.7 ± 0.6 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus (NCC B9163) | Ф = 20.3 ± 0.6 mm |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) | Ф = 22.0 ± 1.0 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | Ф = 6.0 ± 0.0 mm |
| Klebsiella pneumonia (E47) | Ф = 17.3 ± 0.6 mm |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oil | Disc diffusion method | Escherichia coli | Ф = 14 ± 0.6 mm | [76] |
| Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica | Ф = 10 ± 0.8 mm |
| Pasteurella multocida | Ф = 12 ± 1.0 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 9 ± 1.1 mm |
|
| | Essential oils | Disc diffusion assay
Microwell dilution assay | Escherichia coli (O157H7) | Ф = 10 mm | [77] |
| MIC = 2.26 ± 0.11 μg/mL |
| MBC = 3.66 ± 0.11 μg/mL |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Ф = 11 mm |
| MIC = 1.33 ± 0.11 μg/mL |
| MBC = not observed |
|
| Leaves | Essential oils | Disc diffusion technique
Checker board technique | Staphylococcus aureus 29737 | Ф = 10.0 mm | [78] |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Staphylococcus aureus ML 267 | Ф = 10.0 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Suillus luteus 9341 | Ф = 11.0 mm |
| MIC = 5 μg/mL |
| Bacillus pumilus 8241 | Ф = 10.0 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC) | Ф = 11.0 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536) | Ф = 9.0 mm |
| MIC = 50 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli VC Sonawave 3 : 37 C | Ф = 9.0 mm |
| MIC = 50 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (CD/99/1) | Ф = 9.5 mm |
| MIC = 50 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (RP4) | Ф = 9.0 mm |
| MIC = 25 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (18/9) | Ф = 9.0 mm |
| MIC = 25 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (K88) | Ф = 8.5 mm |
| MIC = 25 μg/mL |
| Shigella dysenteriae L. | Ф = 10.0 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Shigella sonnei 1 | Ф = 10.0 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Shigella sonnei BCH 217 | Ф = 12.0 mm |
| MIC = 5 μg/mL |
| Shigella flexneri type 6 | Ф = 9.0 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Shigella boydii 937 | Ф = 9.5 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25619) | Ф = 11.0 mm |
| MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| Vibrio cholerae 2 | Ф = 10.0 mm |
| MIC = 50 μg/mL |
| Vibrio cholerae 785 | Ф = 10.0 mm |
| MIC = 50 μg/mL |
| Vibrio cholerae 1037 | Ф = 9.0 mm |
| MIC = 50 μg/mL |
|
| Leaves | Essential oils | Agar well diffusion method
Dilution method | Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 17 ± 0.01 mm | [79] |
| MIC = 0.4 ± 0.01 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 14 ± 0.01 mm |
| MIC = 0.5 ± 0.02 μg/mL |
| Erwinia carotovora | Ф = 14 ± 0.01 mm |
| MIC = 0.5 ± 0.02 μg/mL |
| Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 17 ± 0.01 mm |
| MIC = 0.6 ± 0.01 μg/mL |
| Xanthomonas campestris | Ф = 22 ± 0.01 mm |
| MIC = 0.5 ± 0.02 μg/mL |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Ф = 20 ± 0.01 mm |
| MIC = 0.4 ± 0.01 μg/mL |
| Leaves | Essential oils | Diffusion method | Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 11.5 ± 0.61 mm | [80] |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 13 ± 1.52 mm |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Ф = 11.2 ± 1.61 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 21 ± 0.90 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 16 ± 1.9 mm |
| Salmonella enterica subsp. | Ф = 18 ± 1.33 mm |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oils | Disc diffusion method
Microdilution broth assay | Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 26.0 ± 1.1 mm | [5] |
| MIC = 0.07 ± 0.00 μg/mL |
| Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 27.1 ± 1.1 mm |
| MIC = 0.05 ± 0.00 μg/mL |
| Pasteurella multocida | Ф = 24.3 ± 0.9 mm |
| MIC = 0.12 ± 0.01 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 20.3 ± 0.9 mm |
| MIC = 0.21 ± 0.01 μg/mL |
|
| Whole plant | Essential oils | Disc diffusion method | Escherichia coli | MIC = 1/250 (V/V) | [81] |
| MBC = 1/250 (V/V) |
|
| Not reported | Essential oil | Disc diffusion method | Escherichia coli | MIC = 1.56 μg/mL | [11] |
| MBC = 25 μg/mL |
| Staphylococcus aureus | MIC = 25 μg/mL |
| MBC = 50 μg/mL |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | MIC = 0.78 μg/mL |
| MBC = 6.25 μg/mL |
| Penicillium citrinum | MIC = 3.12 μg/mL |
| MBC = 12.50 μg/mL |
|
| Leaves | Hexane | Agar well diffusion techniques | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 15 mm | [63] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 10 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 25 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 26 mm |
|
| Leaves | Petroleum ether | Agar well diffusion techniques | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 17 mm | [63] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 12 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 26 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 27 mm |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oils | Disc diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus | MIC = 15.6 μg/mL | [67] |
| Enterococcus faecalis | MIC = 125 μg/mL |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | MIC = 125 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli | MIC < 3.19 μg/mL |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Broth microdilution method | Serratia spp. | MIC = 4.75 mg/mL | [82] |
| MBC > 9.5 mg/mL |
| Salmonella spp. | MIC = 2.37 mg/mL |
| MBC > 9.5 mg/mL |
| Kluyvera spp. | MIC = 2.37 mg/mL |
| MBC > 9.5 mg/mL |
| Klebsiella spp. | MIC = 2.37 mg/mL |
| MBC = 9.5 mg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (F5) | MIC = 2.37 mg/mL |
| MBC > 9.5 mg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (F17) | MIC > 9.5 mg/mL |
| MBC > 9.5 mg/mL |
| Escherichia coli (CS31 A) | MIC = 2.37 mg/mL |
| MBC = 9.5 mg/mL |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oil | Disc diffusion method | MRSA | Ф = 17.5 ± 0.7 mm | [31] |
| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) | Ф = 11 ± 1.4 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 21 ± 8.4 mm |
| Escherichia coli Q157 : H7 | Ф = 20.5 ± 2.1 mm |
| Bacillus cereus (CCM99) | Ф = 22.5 ± 0.7 mm |
| Enterococcus faecium (DSM 13590) | Ф = 13 ± 4.2 mm |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Broth microdilution method | Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) | MIC = 10 μg/mL | [83] |
| MBC = 10 μg/mL |
| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) | MIC = 8 μg/mL |
| MBC = 8 μg/mL |
| Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) | MIC = 2.5 μg/mL |
| MBC = 5 μg/mL |
| Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11774) | MIC = 2.5 μg/mL |
| MBC = 5 μg/mL |
| Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19118) | MIC = 2.5 μg/mL |
| MBC = 2.5 μg/mL |
| Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) | MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| MBC = 10 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli O157 : H7 (ATCC 10536) | MIC = 10 μg/mL |
| MBC = 10 μg/mL |
|
| Not reported | Essential oil | Microdilution method | Staphylococcus aureus | MIC = 0.005 μg/mL | [84] |
| Bacillus subtilis | MIC = 0.005 μg/mL |
| Bacillus cereus | MIC = 0.005 μg/mL |
| Listeria monocytogenes | MIC = 0.005 μg/mL |
| Salmonella typhimurium | MIC = 0.005 μg/mL |
| Escherichia coli O157 : H7 | MIC = 0.005 μg/mL |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Agar diffusion method | Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) | Ф = 17 mm | [69] |
| Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236) | Ф = 16 mm |
|
| Not reported | Decanted essential oil | Disc diffusion assay | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Ф = 2 mm | [85] |
| Enterococcus faecalis | Ф = 5 mm |
| Streptococcus mutans | Ф = 5 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 6 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | No inhibition |
|
| Not reported | Recovered essential oil | Disc diffusion assay | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Ф = 2 mm | [85] |
| Enterococcus faecalis | Ф = 4 mm |
| Streptococcus mutans | Ф = 5 mm |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 6 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | No inhibition |
|
| Not reported | Essential oil | Agar well diffusion method | Escherichia coli | Ф = 14 ± 0.05 mm | [70] |
| Salmonella typhi | No inhibition |
| Salmonella paratyphi | No inhibition |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 21 ± 0.09 mm |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Ф = 12.7 ± 0.07 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | No inhibition |
| Acinetobacter spp. | Ф = 18 ± 0.11 mm |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Agar diffusion method | Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 15 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/mL | [71] |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 17 mm at concentration of 100 mg/mL |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 16 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/mL |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 16 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/mL |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oil | Agar diffusion method | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | No inhibition | [7] |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) | Ф = 9 mm |
| Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) | Ф = 11 mm |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Ф = 10 mm |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Ф = 13 mm |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Ф = 16 mm |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Ф = 8 mm |
| Salmonella typhi | Ф = 8 mm |
| Shigella sonnei | Ф = 9 mm |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Agar-well diffusion assay
Broth microdilution assay | Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 32.00 ± 2.65 mm | [86] |
| MIC = 0.25% (v/v) |
| MBC = 0.25% (v/v) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 13.33 ± 1.53 mm |
| MIC = 0.5% (v/v) |
| MBC = 2% (v/v) |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Ф = 26.67 ± 2.08 mm |
| MIC = 0.25% (v/v) |
| MBC = 0.25% (v/v) |
| Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 17.00 ± 2.00 mm |
| MIC = 1% (v/v) |
| MBC = 1% (v/v) |
| Proteus mirabilis | Ф = 29.33 ± 1.53 mm |
| MIC = 0.5% (v/v) |
| MBC = 1% (v/v) |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 15.33 ± 1.89 mm |
| MIC = 2% (v/v) |
| MBC > 2% (v/v) |
|
| Whole plant | | | Staphylococcus aureus (MBLA) | Ф = 18 ± 1.34 mm | [87] |
| MIC = 4% (v/v) |
| MBC ˃ 8% (v/v) |
| Staphylococcus aureus 976 | Ф = 9 ± 1.9 mm |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Ф = 21 ± 3.11 mm |
| MIC = 1% (v/v) |
| MBC = 4% (v/v) |
| Staphylococcus aureus 994 | Ф = 7 ± 0.66 mm |
| Bacillus subtilis 6633 | Ф = 15 ± 0.80 mm |
| Escherichia coli K12 | Ф = 9 ± 0.65 mm |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa IH | No activity |
| Proteus mirabilis | Ф = 19 ± 0.41 mm |
| MIC = 4% (v/v) |
| MBC ˃ 8% (v/v) |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Agar well diffusion method | Klebsiella pneumoniae (CIP8291) | Ф = 25 mm | [72] |
| Escherichia coli (ATCC10536) | No activity |
| Staphylococcus aureus (CIP7625) | No activity |
| Listeria monocytogenes (Scott A 724) | Ф = 29 mm |
|
| Leaves | Essential oil | Agar well diffusion method | Escherichia coli | Ф = 8 mm at a concentration of 500 μL/mL | [88] |
| Salmonella choleraesuis | Ф = 13 mm at a concentration of 500 μL/mL |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 11 mm at a concentration of 500 μL/mL |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Ф = 9.5 mm at a concentration of 500 μL/mL |
|
| Aerial parts | Essential oil | Disc diffusion method | Escherichia coli | MIC = 2.5 μL/mL | [89] |
| MBC = 2.5 μL/mL |
| Streptococcus D | MIC = 2.5 μL/mL |
| MBC = 2.5 μL/mL |
| E. faecalis | MIC = 2.5 μL/mL |
| MBC = 2.5 μL/mL |
| K. pneumoniae | MIC = 2.5 μL/mL |
| MBC = 2.5 μL/mL |
|
