|
| No. | Compound | Chemical nature/group | Plant source | Reference(s) | Habitats of plant in Africa |
|
| (1) | β-Asarone | Phenylpropanoid | Rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. and A. gramineus Aiton (Acoraceae) | [204] | Southern Africa |
| (2) | Aspidinol | Phloroglucinol derivative | Leaves of Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh. (Rosaceae) | [205] | Southern Africa |
| (3) | 3-Geranyl-1-(2'-methylbutanoyl)-phloroglucinol | Phloroglucinol derivative | Leaves of Hypericum roeperianum Schimp. ex.A.Rich. (Hypericaceae) | [206] | West Tropical Africa |
| (4) | α-Bisabolol | Sesquiterpene | Leaves of Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (Siparunaceae) | [207] | West Africa |
| (5) | Betulinic acid | Terpenoid | Stem bark of Berlinia grandiflora (Vahl) Hutch. & Dalziel (Leguminosae) | [208] | West Africa |
| (6) | Ursolic acid | Terpenoids | Leaves of Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm (Cornaceae) | [209] | Southern Africa |
| (7) | Lupeol |
| (8) | Dichapetalin A | Terpenoids | Roots of Dichapetalum filicaule Breteler (Dichapetalaceae) | [210] | West Africa |
| (9) | Dichapetalin X |
| (10) | Glycerol monostearate |
| (11) | Thymol | Monoterpenoid | Essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) | [211] | West Tropical Africa |
| (12) | Andrographolide | Terpenoid | Leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (Acanthaceae) | [212] | East and South Africa |
| (13) | Totarol | Terpenoid | Berries of Juniperus procera Hochst. Endl. (Cupressaceae) | [213] | East Africa |
| (14) | (3R, 6R)-Linalool oxide acetate | Monoterpenoid |
| (15) | Borneol | Monoterpenoid | Aerial parts of Zanthoxylum simulans Hance (Rutaceae) | [214] | West, Central and East Africa |
| (16) | β-Elemene |
| (17) | 8(14),15-Sandaracopimaradiene-7α,18-diol | Diterpene | Leaves of Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd (Lamiaceae) | [215] | East and South Africa |
| (18) | Terpinen-4-ol (4-carvomenthenol) | Monoterpenoid | Essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel (Myrtaceae) | [216] | South Africa |
| (19) | Warburganal | Sesquiterpene | Leaves of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Canellaceae) | [217] | East and South Africa |
| (20) | Polygodial |
| (21) | 2-Decanone | t is ok mistake from me | Essential oils from the aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L. (Meliaceae) | [218] | North Africa |
| (22) | 2-Nonanone |
| (23) | 2-Undecanone |
| (24) | (E,E)-2-4-Decadienal |
| (25) | Furfural |
| (26) | Salicylaldehyde |
| (27) | Eryngial | Carbonal | Whole herb of Eryngium foetidum Walter (Apiaceae) | [219] | Africa |
| (28) | tr-Cinnamaldehyde | Carbonal | Bark of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl. (Lauraceae) | [220] | Tropical Africa |
| (29) | Acetogenin | Polyketide | Seeds of Annona squamosa Delile (Annonaceae) | [221] | West Tropical Africa |
| (30) | (+)-Epicatechin-3-O-gallate | Proanthocyanidins | Fruits of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile (Fabaceae) | [110] | Tropical Africa |
| (31) | (+)-Catechin-3-O-gallate |
| (32) | (+)-Gallocatechin |
| (33) | (−)-Epigallocatechin |
| (34) | (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate |
| (35) | Prodelphinidins | Proanthocyanidins | Flowers of Trifolium repens L. (Papilionaceae) | [203] | South Africa |
| (36) | Ellagic acid | Simple phenolics | Leaves and stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) | [15] | Tropical, Central and East Africa |
| (37) | Gentisic acid |
| (38) | Gallic acid | Simple phenolic | Fruits of Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. (Fabaceae) | [222] | West Africa |
| (39) | Caffeic acid | Cinnamic acid-like derivatives (phenolics) | Leaves of Acacia cochliacantha Willd. (Fabaceae) | [223] | Africa |
| (40) | Ferulic acid |
| (41) | p-Coumaric acid | Leaves of Senegalia gaumeri (S.F. Blake) Britton & Rose. (Fabaceae) | [224] | North-West Africa |
| (42) | 6-Gingerol | Phenolics | Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) | [225] | Tropical Africa |
| (43) | 6-Shogaol |
| (44) | 10-Gingerol |
| (45) | 10-Shogaol |
| (46) | Hexahydrocurcumin |
| (47) | Chlorogenic acid | Phenolic | Aerial parts of Tagetes filifolia Lag. (Compositae) | [226] | Southern Africa |
| (48) | Joazeiroside B | Saponins | Stem bark of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (Rhamnaceae) | [210] | North Africa |
| (49) | Lotoside A |
| (50) | Urs-19(29)- en-3-yl acetate | Saponins | Latex from the stem and leaves of Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. (Apocynaceae) | [227] | North and Tropical Africa |
| (51) | (3β)-Urs-19(29)-en-3-ol |
| (52) | 1-(2′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)-glycerol |
| (53) | Tribulosin | Spirostanol saponins | Whole plants of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) | [228] | Tropical Africa |
| (54) | β-Sitosterol-D-glucoside |
| (55) | Dioscin | Steroidal saponins | Rhizomes of Paris polyphylla Sm. (Melanthiaceae) | [229] | South Africa |
| (56) | Polyphyllin D |
| (57) | Avenacoside | Steroidal saponin | Seeds of Avena sativa L. (Poaceae) | [230] | Tropical Africa |
| (58) | Uzarigenin | Cardenolides | Branches of Nerium indicum Mill. (Apocynaceae) | [231] | North Africa |
| (59) | Cardenolide N-1 |
| (60) | 3β-O-(β-D-Diginosyl)-14,15α-dihydroxy-5α-card-20(22)-enolide |
| (61) | Chelerythrine | Alkaloid | Aerial parts of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) | [232] | Northern Africa |
| (62) | Piperine | Alkaloid | Stems of Piper sylvaticum Roxb. (Piperaceae) | [233] | West Africa |
| (63) | 6-Methoxydihydro-sanguinarine | Alkaloids | Aerial parts of Macleaya macrocarpa (x kewensis) Turill (Papaveraceae) | [234] | North and South Africa |
| (64) | Sanguinarine |
| (65) | (S)-Dicentrine | Aporphine alkaloids | Aerial parts of Cissampelos capensis L. f. (Menispermaceae) | [235] | Southern Africa |
| (66) | (S)-Neolitsine |
| (67) | Melicopicine | Acridine alkaloids | Root bark of Teclea trichocarpa Engl. (Rutaceae) | [93] | East Africa |
| (68) | 6-Methoxytecleanthine |
| (69) | Deguelin | Isoflavonoids | Stem bark of Mundulea sericea (Wild.) A. Chev. (Leguminosae) | [216] | Southern Africa |
| (70) | Rutin | Flavonoids | Aerial hay of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. (Fabaceae) | [236] | Tropical Africa |
| (71) | Nicotiflorin |
| (72) | Narcissin |
| (73) | Luteolin | Flavonoid | Aerial parts of Ajania nubigena (Wall.) C. Shih (Compositae) | [237] | Africa |
| (74) | Galangal acetate | Flavonoid | Seeds of Torreya grandis (Semen torreyae) Fortune ex Lindl. (Taxaceae) | [33] | Tropical West Africa |
| (75) | Miogadial |
| (76) | Epicatechin | Flavan-3-ol | Seeds of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) | [238] | West Africa |
| (77) | (−)-Epigallocatechin-(2β⟶O⟶7′,4β⟶8′)-epicatechin-3′-O-gallate | Dimeric flavan-3-ol | Leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae) | [239] | East Africa |
| (78) | Benzyl isothiocyanate | Isothiocynates | Seeds of Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) | [240] | West, Central and East Africa |
| (79) | Bruceine A | Quassinoid | Dried fruits of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. (Simaroubaceae) | [113] | East Africa |
| (80) | Bruceine D |
| (81) | Farnesol | Prenyl alcohols | Aerial parts of Matricaria chamomilla Blanco (Compositae) | [241] | Northern and Southern Africa |
| (82) | Nerolidol |
| (83) | 2H-Chromen-2-one | Coumarin | Leaves of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. (Fabaceae) | [242] | West Tropical Africa |
| (84) | Mimosine | Amino acid | Leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (Fabaceae) | [243] | Southern Africa |
| (85) | α-Linolenic acid | Fatty acid | Leaves of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Canellaceae) | [217] | East and South Africa |
|
