Research Article
Comparison of the Effect of EMLA™ Cream and the Valsalva Maneuver on Pain Severity during Vascular Needle Insertion in Hemodialysis Patients: A Controlled, Randomized, Clinical Trial
Table 3
Pairwise comparison of mean scores of the pain severity in the EMLA, VM, and control groups.
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Mann‒Whitney U test; Confidence interval. |