Adaptive Auricular Point Acupressure for Sleep Disturbance in Women with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Demographic characteristics and disease-related data between groups.
Variables
Groups
Control group (n = 34)
APA group (n = 34)
t/X2/Z
p
Age, mean (SD)
54.35 (12.84)
52.59 (10.50)
0.610a
0.544
BMI#, mean (SD) kg/m2
23.38 (2.74)
23.79 (2.79)
−0.619a
0.538
Education level, n (%)
0.287b
0.866
Middle school or below
15 (44.12%)
14 (41.18%)
High school
9 (26.47%)
11 (32.35%)
College or above
10 (29.41%)
9 (26.47%)
Employment status, n (%)
0.061b
0.804
Employment
13 (38.24%)
14 (41.18%)
Unemployment
21 (61.76%)
20 (58.82%)
Marital status, n (%)
0.159b
0.690
Married
31 (91.18%)
30 (88.24%)
Single/divorced/widow
3 (8.82%)
4 (11.76%)
Religion, n (%)
0.219b
0.896
None or other
26 (76.47%)
27 (79.41%)
Christian
3 (8.82%)
2 (5.88%)
Buddhist
5 (14.71%)
5 (14.71%)
Insomnia before BC, n (%)
0.159b
0.690
No
31 (91.18%)
30 (88.24%)
Yes
3 (8.82%)
4 (11.76%)
Cancer stage, n (%)
−0.148b
0.882
I
10 (29.41%)
8 (23.53%)
II
16 (47.06%)
20 (58.82%)
III
7 (20.59%)
3 (8.82%)
IV
1 (2.94%)
3 (8.82%)
Chemotherapy cycles received, mean (SD)
3.47 (1.62)
3.88 (1.82)
−1.017c
0.309
HADS_anxiety, mean (SD)
4.29 (3.74)
4.59 (3.14)
−0.685c
0.494
HADS_depression, mean (SD)
4.76 (2.90)
4.53 (2.67)
−0.179c
0.858
Abbreviation: APA, auricular point acupressure; BC, breast cancer; BMI, body mass index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. aIndependent t-test was used. bChi-square test was used. cMann–Whitney U test was used. The Chi-square test was used to examine the differences of cancer stage between two groups.