The Reduction of Tau Hyperphosphorylation by Cornel Iridoid Glycosides Is Mediated by Their Influence on Calpain Activity

Figure 1

Effects of treatment with CIG on protein tau phosphorylation. (a) CIG reduced tau protein phosphorylation in P301S mice. P301S mice were treated with CIG and MEM everyday for 3 months. The expression of phosphorylation of tau at (b) Ser404, (c) Ser262, and GAPDH in P301S mice is shown. (d) The expression of phosphorylation of GSK-3β at (e) Ser 9, (f) N-terminal of GSK-3β (11B9), (g) GSK-3β 27C10, and (h) PP2A-c in P301S mice is shown. Mean ± SEM, n = 4; , compared with the nTg group; #, ##, compared with the P301S group. CIG (L): 50 mg/kg, CIG (M): 100 mg/kg, and CIG (H): 200 mg/kg. MEM: memantine; CIG: cornel iridoid glycosides; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK-3β: glycogen synthase kinase 3β; and PP2A: protein phosphatase 2A.

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