Morus alba L. for Blood Sugar Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Short-term studies.

Study ID

Characteristics of the study

Interventions

Outcomes

Result

Adverse events

Sample size

Subject health

Age (mean, SD)

BMI (kg/m^2)

Visit (times)

Method

Glucose (water)

Intake

Control intervention

Lown (2017)

37

Healthy

29.35 ± 10.93

23.00 ± 2.27

4 (at least 2 days gap)

Reducose (capsule)

Maltodextrin, 50 g (250 ml)

a/0.125 g (6.75 mg); b/0.25 g (12.5 mg); c/0.5 g (25 mg)

Placebo^†

Glucose (piAUC); Insulin (piAUC)

b, c; b, c

Nausea; Abdominal cramping; Distension; Flatulence

Wang (2018)

15

Healthy

23.80 ± 1.47

22.05 ± 1.56

7 (every 3 days)

Powder

4 kinds, 50 g (150 ml)

0.75 g (7.5 mg)

N.T

Glucose (iAUC); GI; PPG

SMD 30 min; SMD; -

N.R

Kimura (2007)

24

Healthy

25.3 ± 0.7

20.9 ± 0.4

1

Powder

Sucrose, 50 g (100 ml)

a/0.4 g (6 mg); b/0.8 g (12 mg); c/1.2 g (18 mg)

Placebo (0 mg)

PPG; PPI; T-chol; HDL; TG; HbA1C

b, c; b, c; −; −; −; −

N.R

Asai (2011)

10

FBS 100–140

50.0 ± 10.6

24.3 ± 1.7

4 (every 2 weeks)

Capsule

Boiled white rice (200 g), dry seasoning (2 g)

a/3 mg; b/6 mg; c/9 mg

Placebo (0 mg)

PPG; PPI

b, c 30 min; a, b, c 30 min

Mild gas; Bloating

Mudra (2007)

20

Healthy; Diabetes

h/24–61; d/59–75

N.R

1

Extract

Sucrose, 75 g (500 ml)

1 g

Placebo^‡

PPG; GE; Breath H2 test

First 120 min; +; +

N.R

Chung (2013)

50

FBS<125

22.7 ± 0.4

21.2 ± 0.4

1

Extract

Maltose, 75 g (50 ml)

a/1.25 g (4.5 mg); b/2.5 g (9 mg); c/5g (18 mg)

Placebo (0 mg)

Glucose (iAUC)

b, c 30, 60 min

N.R

Thaipitakwong (2019)

85

Healthy

a/25.81 ± 0.29; b/22.33 ± 5.57; d/23.31 ± 6.94; C/21.81 ± 5.72

a/20.57 ± 1.28; b/20.01 ± 1.47; d/20.51 ± 1.46; C/20.34 ± 1.41

1

Powder

Sucrose, 50 g (150 ml)

a/2.3 g (6 mg); b/4.6 g (12 mg); d/6.9 g (18 mg)

N.R

PPG; Glucose (AUC)

a, b, d 30 min; b, d 60 min; d, +

Bloating; Flatulence; Loose stools

AUC, area under the curve; iAUC, incremental area under the curve; piAUC, positive incremental area under the curve; GI, glycemic index; SMD, sucrose, maltose, maltodextrin; PPG, postprandial glucose; PPI, postprandial insulin; T-chol, total cholesterol; HbA1C, hemoglobin A_1C; FBS, fasting blood sugar; N.T, no treatment; N.R, not reported; TG, triglyceride; GE, glycemic excursion; C, control. We use “+” if results were statistically significant and “–” if results were not statistically significant or have no difference. Glucose, sucrose, maltose, maltodextrin. ^†Microcrystalline cellulose 125 mg. ^‡Red dye #40 and caramel.