Efficacy of Kami Guibi-tang as an Add-On Therapy to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Cognitive Function in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of participants.
Characteristic
KGT (n = 9)
Placebo (n = 7)
† value
Age (years)
70.7 ± 6.8, 79.0 (12.0)
75.7 ± 10.1, 69.0 (9.0)
0.18
Sex
Female
6 (85.7%)
5 (71.4%)
1.00
Male
1 (14.3%)
2 (28.6%)
Education
Elementary school graduation
3 (42.9%)
3 (42.9%)
1.00
High school graduation
3 (42.9%)
2 (28.6%)
University graduation
1 (14.3%)
2 (28.6%)
Presence of ApoE ε4 allele
1 (14.3%)
1 (14.3%)
1.00
Clinical characteristics
SNSB-D total score
119.86 ± 30.38, 115.00 (59.00)
93.79 ± 23.58, 86.00 (46.50)
0.18
Attention
2.43 ± 0.53, 7.00 (5.00)
2.57 ± 1.13, 7.00 (2.00)
0.25
Language and related function
18.14 ± 5.11, 18.00 (12.00)
16.43 ± 5.88, 19.00 (8.00)
0.62
Visuospatial function
25.43 ± 10.30, 28.00 (10.50)
27.36 ± 5.38, 31.50 (18.00)
1.00
Memory
36.00 ± 16.56, 41.50 (26.00)
21.57 ± 8.13, 20.00 (14.00)
0.12
Frontal and executive function
33.29 ± 14.16, 33.00 (16.00)
22.29 ± 9.50, 24.00 (16.00)
0.17
Other indexes
K-MMSE
22.86 ± 3.67, 22.00 (6.00)
21.00 ± 2.71, 21.00 (2.00)
0.53
SGDS
6.29 ± 3.68, 4.00 (5.00)
1.83 ± 2.64, 1.00 (2.00)
0.04
Barthel-ADL
20.00 ± 0.00, 20.00 (0.00)
19.29 ± 1.50, 20.00 (1.00)
0.20
K-IADL
0.65 ± 0.39, 0.56 (0.73)
1.13 ± 0.69, 1.00 (1.06)
0.18
CDR-SB
4.86 ± 1.03, 4.50 (1.00)
5.50 ± 1.58, 5.00 (1.00)
0.26
CDR-GS
1.00 ± 0.00, 1.00 (0.00)
1.00 ± 0.00, 1.00 (1.00)
1.00
GDS
4.71 ± 0.49, 5.00 (1.00)
4.86 ± 0.38, 5.00 (0.00)
0.60
KQoL-AD
Patients
31.14 ± 5.58, 28.00 (10.00)
34.29 ± 6.60, 35.00 (10.00)
0.42
Caregivers
27.86 ± 5.11, 26.00 (6.00)
30.57 ± 7.52, 33.00 (16.00)
0.75
CGA-NPI
6.86 ± 5.30, 8.00 (12.00)
7.00 ± 8.14, 3.00 (12.00)
0.90
KGT, Kami Guibi-tang; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; SNSB-D, Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Dementia Version; K-MMSE, Korean Mini-Mental State Examination; SGDS, Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale; Barthel-ADL, Barthel index of activities of daily living; K-IADL, Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; CDR-SB, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale–Sum of Boxes; CDR-GS, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Global Score; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; KQoL-AD, Korean Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s disease; CGA-NPI, Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or number (proportions, %). †Based on chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test.
