Efficacy of Kami Guibi-tang as an Add-On Therapy to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Cognitive Function in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Table 3
Changes in SNSB scores between baseline and 24th-weekfollow-up.
Variable
KGT (n = 9)
Placebo (n = 7)
‡ value for treatment difference
Baseline
24th week
Change
† value
Baseline
24th week
Change
† value
Total SNSB-D score
119.86 ± 30.38, 115.00 (59.00)
112.93 ± 31.58, 108.00 (39.00)
−6.93 ± 27.84, −1.50 (36.50)
0.69
93.79 ± 23.58, 86.00 (46.50)
96.57 ± 19.44, 96.00 (36.50)
2.79 ± 8.43, −1.00 (10.00)
0.63
0.71
Attention
7.00 ± 1.15, 7.00 (2.00)
7.00 ± 2.08, 7.00 (4.00)
0.00 ± 1.53, 0.00 (3.00)
1.00
6.14 ± 2.19, 7.00 (5.00)
7.14 ± 1.07, 7.00 (2.00)
1.00 ± 2.38, 0.00 (4.00)
0.44
0.57
Digit span forward
4.57 ± 0.98, 4.00 (2.00)
4.86 ± 1.21, 5.00 (2.00)
0.29 ± 0.95, 0.00 (1.00)
0.75
3.57 ± 1.72, 4.00 (2.00)
4.43 ± 0.79, 4.00 (1.00)
0.86 ± 1.86, 0.00 (3.00)
0.25
0.80
Digit span backward
2.43 ± 0.53, 2.00 (1.00)
2.14 ± 1.07, 2.00 (1.00)
−0.29 ± 0.95, 0.00 (1.00)
0.75
2.57 ± 1.13, 3.00 (0.00)
2.71 ± 0.49, 3.00 (1.00)
0.14 ± 1.35, 0.00 (1.00)
1.00
0.89
Language and related function
18.14 ± 5.11, 19.00 (8.00)
18.29 ± 4.11, 17.00 (7.00)
0.14 ± 2.79, 0.00 (3.00)
0.88
16.43 ± 5.88, 18.00 (12.00)
17.14 ± 4.78, 19.00 (9.00)
0.71 ± 2.69, 0.00 (3.00)
0.81
1.00
K-BNT
8.86 ± 3.53, 11.00 (6.00)
8.71 ± 3.04, 8.00 (6.00)
−0.14 ± 1.95, 0.00 (2.00)
1.00
7.86 ± 2.85, 9.00 (6.00)
7.86 ± 3.08, 9.00 (5.00)
0.00 ± 1.63, 0.00 (2.00)
1.00
0.80
Calculation
9.29 ± 2.36, 8.00 (4.00)
9.57 ± 2.23, 10.00 (5.00)
0.29 ± 1.25, 0.00 (3.00)
0.50
8.57 ± 3.21, 9.00 (5.00)
9.29 ± 2.14, 10.00 (4.00)
0.71 ± 2.56, 0.00 (2.00)
0.81
1.00
Visuospatial function
25.43 ± 10.30, 31.50 (18.00)
25.71 ± 9.31, 30.00 (9.50)
0.29 ± 6.42, −1.50 (9.50)
1.00
27.36 ± 5.38, 28.00 (10.50)
25.00 ± 6.06, 27.50 (10.00)
−2.36 ± 6.66, −2.00 (4.50)
0.20
0.66
Memory
36.00 ± 16.56, 41.50 (26.00)
33.07 ± 13.40, 34.50 (26.00)
−2.93 ± 16.99, −2.50 (29.50)
0.72
21.57 ± 8.13, 20.00 (14.00)
24.43 ± 9.55, 27.00 (11.00)
2.86 ± 7.47, 6.00 (11.50)
0.38
0.53
Orientation
4.71 ± 1.89, 6.00 (4.00)
3.86 ± 2.12, 5.00 (4.00)
−0.86 ± 1.07, −1.00 (1.00)
0.13
3.57 ± 1.51, 3.00 (3.00)
3.43 ± 1.40, 4.00 (3.00)
−0.14 ± 1.86, −1.00 (3.00)
1.00
0.60
SVLT recall
13.57 ± 5.50, 15.00 (12.00)
13.57 ± 4.47, 14.00 (5.00)
0.00 ± 7.42, 0.00 (7.00)
0.81
9.43 ± 3.87, 8.00 (7.00)
11.71 ± 5.06, 11.00 (10.00)
2.29 ± 3.04, 3.00 (5.00)
0.16
0.62
SVLT recognition
5.86 ± 4.02, 4.00 (7.00)
5.29 ± 2.69, 5.00 (4.00)
−0.57 ± 4.54, 0.00 (7.00)
0.88
3.14 ± 1.95, 3.00 (4.00)
4.00 ± 2.45, 5.00 (4.00)
0.86 ± 2.97, 1.00 (6.00)
0.52
0.62
Rey recall
6.00 ± 5.07, 7.00 (9.50)
6.36 ± 7.28, 7.50 (9.00)
0.36 ± 7.81, 0.00 (5.00)
0.81
3.57 ± 2.56, 3.50 (4.50)
1.86 ± 1.89, 1.00 (3.50)
−1.71 ± 2.63, −1.50 (3.00)
0.16
0.57
Rey recognition
5.86 ± 4.18, 5.00 (2.00)
4.00 ± 2.94, 4.00 (4.00)
−1.86 ± 4.56, −1.00 (8.00)
0.44
1.86 ± 2.19, 1.00 (5.00)
3.43 ± 4.43, 2.00 (6.00)
1.57 ± 4.89, 1.00 (4.00)
0.47
0.27
Frontal and executive function
33.29 ± 14.16, 33.00 (16.00)
28.86 ± 16.95, 21.00 (25.00)
−4.43 ± 7.52, −1.00 (12.00)
0.25
22.29 ± 9.50, 24.00 (16.00)
22.86 ± 5.21, 23.00 (11.00)
0.57 ± 6.73, 0.00 (9.00)
1.00
0.39
Motor impersistence
3.00 ± 0.00, 3.00 (0.00)
3.00 ± 0.00, 3.00 (0.00)
0.00 ± 0.00, 0.00 (0.00)
—
3.00 ± 0.00, 3.00 (0.00)
3.00 ± 0.00, 3.00 (0.00)
0.00 ± 0.00, 0.00 (0.00)
—
1.00
Contrasting program
2.43 ± 0.98, 3.00 (2.00)
1.43 ± 0.98, 1.00 (1.00)
−1.00 ± 1.15, −1.00 (2.00)
0.13
1.71 ± 1.38, 2.00 (3.00)
2.14 ± 1.07, 3.00 (2.00)
0.43 ± 1.27, 0.00 (1.00)
0.75
0.08
Go-no-go test
1.00 ± 1.00, 1.00 (1.00)
1.29 ± 0.95, 1.00 (1.00)
0.29 ± 0.49, 0.00 (1.00)
0.50
1.00 ± 0.82, 1.00 (2.00)
1.29 ± 0.95, 1.00 (1.00)
0.29 ± 1.11, 0.00 (2.00)
0.75
1.00
Fist-edge-palm
2.43 ± 0.53, 2.00 (1.00)
2.29 ± 0.95, 3.00 (2.00)
−0.14 ± 1.07, 0.00 (2.00)
1.00
1.86 ± 0.90, 2.00 (2.00)
2.43 ± 0.79, 3.00 (1.00)
0.57 ± 0.53, 1.00 (1.00)
0.13
0.21
Luria loop
2.57 ± 1.13, 3.00 (0.00)
1.71 ± 1.60, 3.00 (3.00)
−0.86 ± 1.46, 0.00 (3.00)
0.50
2.14 ± 1.46, 3.00 (3.00)
2.00 ± 1.41, 3.00 (3.00)
−0.14 ± 1.46, 0.00 (0.00)
1.00
0.39
Word fluency: animal
10.14 ± 4.26, 9.00 (4.00)
4.43 ± 5.44, 8.00 (4.00)
−2.43 ± 2.64, −2.00 (4.00)
0.08
7.14 ± 2.19, 8.00 (5.00)
5.71 ± 1.38, 5.00 (2.00)
−1.43 ± 1.62, −1.00 (3.00)
0.13
0.49
Word fluency: Korean
4.86 ± 3.63, 5.00 (5.00)
4.43 ± 5.44, 4.00 (7.00)
−0.43 ± 2.76, 0.00 (3.00)
0.69
2.71 ± 2.81, 1.00 (6.00)
2.71 ± 2.87, 1.00 (5.00)
0.00 ± 3.00, 0.00 (2.00)
1.00
0.75
Stroop test
6.86 ± 4.49, 5.00 (6.00)
7.00 ± 5.72, 6.00 (9.00)
0.14 ± 2.12, 0.00 (4.00)
1.00
2.71 ± 4.27, 2.00 (3.00)
3.57 ± 3.69, 2.00 (7.00)
0.86 ± 4.06, 0.00 (9.00)
0.75
0.90
SNSB-D, Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Dementia Version; KGT, Kami Guibi-tang, K-BNT; Korean version of Boston Naming Test, SVLT; Seoul Verbal Learning Test. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range). †Based on Wilcoxon signed rank test. ‡Based on Wilcoxon rank sum test.
