Royal Jelly Increases Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial in Healthy Subjects
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Placebo (mean ± SD) n = 42
RJ (mean ± SD) n = 44
value
Age, years
55.2 ± 7.7
55.3 ± 9.0
0.954
Gender
Female
33 (78.6%)
35 (79.5%)
0.912
Male
9 (21.4%)
9 (20.5%)
BMI, kg/m2
21.9 ± 2.7
22.0 ± 2.5
0.934
Stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cells, count/mL
620.7 ± 286.5
619.5 ± 263.1
0.983
Hematology parameters
White blood cells, cells/µL
5343.8 ± 1069.2
5462.2 ± 1331.8
0.561
Red blood cells, ×104 cells/µL
443.5 ± 44.9
448.6 ± 43.7
0.595
Hemoglobin, g/dL
13.3 ± 1.6
13.8 ± 1.4
0.112
Hematocrit, %
40.5 ± 4.1
42.1 ± 3.6
0.050
Mean corpuscular volume, fL
91.4 ± 5.5
94.1 ± 4.3
0.013
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, pg
29.9 ± 2.4
30.8 ± 1.5
0.056
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, %
32.7 ± 1.2
32.7 ± 0.9
0.967
Platelet, ×104 cells/µL
25.8 ± 5.6
24.8 ± 6.3
0.438
Myeloid cells
Basophil, %
0.5 ± 0.3
0.6 ± 0.3
0.255
Eosinophil, %
2.5 ± 2.1
2.8 ± 2.7
0.632
Monocyte, %
5.1 ± 1.0
5.1 ± 1.3
0.962
Neutrophil, %
59.5 ± 9.6
58.1 ± 8.4
0.475
Lymphoid cells ※
Lymphocyte, count/µL
1286.6 ± 351.6
1369.1 ± 418.0
0.360
B cell, count/µL
166.5 ± 95.9
168.9 ± 90.1
0.910
NK cells, count/µL
138.23 ± 104.1
138.0 ± 74.0
0.993
CD3+ T cells, count/µL
598.0 ± 255.0
712.9 ± 259.9
0.057
CD4+ T cells, count/µL
420.3 ± 189.0
509.2 ± 210.3
0.059
CD8+ T cells, count/µL
151.0 ± 77.2
172.1 ± 72.1
0.226
CD8+CD28+ T cells, count/µL
99.9 ± 54.5
115.0 ± 50.7
0.217
Values are mean ± SD. ※ 11 samples (six from placebo and five from RJ group) could not be measured due to hemolysis of red blood cells. values compared with placebo by student’s t-test. Gender was compared using the chi-square test. BMI, body mass index.
