Royal Jelly Increases Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial in Healthy Subjects

Table 4

The effects of RJ on vascular endothelial function, blood pressure, and pulse rate.

Parameters		Placebo (mean ± SD) n = 42	RJ (mean ± SD) n = 44	value student’s t-test
Vascular endothelial function
Endothelial progenitor cells, count/mL	Baseline	656.0 ± 330.3	651.1 ± 282.0	0.941
	Week4	559.3 ± 241.9	617.8 ± 258.8	0.282
	Change	−96.7 ± 338.2	−33.3 ± 299.1	0.359
	value paired t-test	0.071	0.465
M-CSF, pg/mL	Baseline	5.1 ± 1.6	5.1 ± 1.6	0.968
	Week4	4.1 ± 1.2	4.9 ± 1.4	0.311
	Change	−1.0 ± 1.2	−0.7 ± 0.9	0.180
	value paired t-test	<0.001	<0.001
Blood pressure
Systolic, mm·Hg	Baseline	122.0 ± 16.3	123.6 ± 20.2	0.690
	Week4	121.0 ± 18.9	118.0 ± 17.4	0.446
	Change	−1.0 ± 11.5	−5.6 ± 10.4	0.055
	value paired t-test	0.593	<0.001
Diastolic, mm·Hg	Baseline	69.0 ± 10.4	69.7 ± 13.8	0.791
	Week4	69.6 ± 11.6	67.3 ± 13.0	0.372
	Change	0.6 ± 6.9	−2.5 ± 6.3	0.032
	value paired t-test	0.562	<0.001
Pulse rate
Pulse rate, bpm	Baseline	73.9 ± 7.1	74.3 ± 9.8	0.795
	Week4	75.9 ± 8.7	75.4 ± 10.8	0.707
	Change	2.0 ± 6.9	1.1 ± 6.5	0.372
	value paired t-test	0.024	0.232

Values are mean ± SD. values compared with baseline by paired t-test or placebo using student’s t-test.