Royal Jelly Increases Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial in Healthy Subjects
Table 5
.The effects of RJ questionnaire evaluation.
Parameters
Placebo (mean ± SD) n = 42
RJ (mean ± SD) n = 44
value
Chalder fatigue scale
Total
Baseline
16.5 ± 7.3
17.4 ± 8.0
0.511
Week4
11.6 ± 5.9
11.7 ± 7.0
0.768
Change
−4.9 ± 6.6
−5.7 ± 6.1
0.726
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
<0.001
<0.001
Physical
Baseline
9.5 ± 4.0
10.0 ± 5.1
0.639
Week4
6.6 ± 3.6
6.6 ± 4.5
0.991
Change
−2.9 ± 3.8
−3.5 ± 4.2
0.882
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
<0.001
<0.001
Mental
Baseline
7.0 ± 3.8
7.4 ± 3.4
0.624
Week4
5.0 ± 2.7
5.2 ± 3.0
0.642
Change
−2.0 ± 3.1
−2.2 ± 2.4
0.560
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
<0.001
<0.001
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
PSQI global score
Baseline
6.0 ± 2.0
5.8 ± 1.7
0.751
Week4
5.2 ± 1.8
4.9 ± 1.9
0.539
Change
−0.8 ± 1.6
−0.9 ± 1.9
0.653
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
0.003
<0.001
C1 sleep quality
Baseline
1.4 ± 0.6
1.3 ± 0.6
0.465
Week4
1.3 ± 0.5
1.1 ± 0.5
0.078
Change
−0.1 ± 0.6
−0.2 ± 0.6
0.577
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
0.332
0.035
C2 sleep latency
Baseline
1.4 ± 0.5
1.2 ± 0.4
0.009
Week4
1.1 ± 0.4
1.1 ± 0.3
0.516
Change
−0.3 ± 0.5
−0.1 ± 0.4
0.027
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
<0.001
0.453
C3 sleep duration
Baseline
1.4 ± 0.9
1.5 ± 0.7
1.000
Week4
1.3 ± 0.8
1.4 ± 0.8
0.715
Change
−0.1 ± 0.5
−0.1 ± 0.6
0.706
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
0.146
0.424
C4 sleep efficiency
Baseline
0.1 ± 0.5
0.3 ± 0.6
0.211
Week4
0.1 ± 0.6
0.2 ± 0.5
0.157
Change
0.0 ± 0.6
−0.1 ± 0.7
0.974
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
0.750
0.547
C5 sleep disturbance
Baseline
1.0 ± 0.4
0.8 ± 0.4
0.170
Week4
0.9 ± 0.4
0.7 ± 0.5
0.057
Change
−0.1 ± 0.5
−0.2 ± 0.5
0.590
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
0.180
0.039
C6 sleep medication
Baseline
0.1 ± 0.3
0.1 ± 0.2
0.673
Week4
0.1 ± 0.2
0.0 ± 0.0
0.236
Change
0.0 ± 0.3
−0.1 ± 0.2
1.000
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
1.000
0.500
C7 daytime dysfunction
Baseline
0.6 ± 0.6
0.7 ± 0.6
0.346
Week4
0.5 ± 0.7
0.5 ± 0.7
0.809
Change
−0.1 ± 0.7
−0.2 ± 0.6
0.509
value Wilcoxon signed-rank test
0.503
0.076
VAS of anemia symptoms
Vertigo
Baseline
4.2 ± 7.6
6.3 ± 13.2
0.360
Week4
7.4 ± 18.5
5.3 ± 12.25
0.538
Change
3.2 ± 16.4
−1.0 ± 10.7
0.157
value paired t-test
0.210
0.529
Blackout
Baseline
2.1 ± 4.1
3.3 ± 10.6
0.500
Week4
2.8 ± 6.1
1.9 ± 3.3
0.402
Change
0.7 ± 5.7
−1.3 ± 11.4
0.296
value paired t-test
0.410
0.445
Dizziness
Baseline
10.0 ± 11.1
16.1 ± 20.5
0.092
Week4
10.0 ± 18.3
11.8 ± 15.4
0.619
Change
0.0 ± 19.4
−4.3 ± 20.2
0.321
value paired t-test
1.000
0.168
Difficulty getting up in the morning
Baseline
33.9 ± 29.8
41.0 ± 35.8
0.325
Week4
26.3 ± 31.1
30.2 ± 34.9
0.587
Change
−7.8 ± 29.9
−10.7 ± 25.1
0.596
value paired t-test
0.108
0.007
Shortness of breath and heart palpitations
Baseline
13.5 ± 15.8
24.8 ± 27.7
0.024
Week4
12.6 ± 16.3
23.4 ± 24.5
0.019
Change
−0.9 ± 11.8
−1.3 ± 21.2
0.902
value paired t-test
0.632
0.677
Nail brittleness
Baseline
19.2 ± 26.2
27.1 ± 32.2
0.216
Week4
15.1 ± 24.1
19.9 ± 30.9
0.431
Change
−4.1 ± 20.1
−7.2 ± 18.7
0.453
value paired t-test
0.200
0.014
Sense of fatigue
Baseline
26.9 ± 24.6
29.1 ± 24.6
0.672
Week4
17.7 ± 21.4
22.6 ± 21.7
0.300
Change
−9.2 ± 26.1
−6.6 ± 23.7
0.630
value paired t-test
0.028
0.073
Values are mean ± SD. The score of CFS and PSQI-J were compared using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test between the two groups. Differences between baseline and week 4 were investigated using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. For the anemia symptoms, student’s t-test was conducted to evaluated the differences between the two groups and paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of the intragroup.
