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Study Design | Doses | Route of administration | Effects | Ref |
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Postmenopausal rat monocytes, aortic vascular cell, and osteoblasts cultures | 10 nM or 1 μM | Exposed | ↓Cell adhesion molecules ↓Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ↓Osteoblastic ↑Antiosteogenic action ↑Bone cells ↑Alkaline phosphatase activity | [57] |
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Rats | 10 microM | Exposure | ↓Contractions ↓Acetylcholine and A23187-induced relaxation | [58] |
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Rats | 50 micromol/l | Exposed | ↓Expressions of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor ↓p22phox NADPH oxidase subunit ↓Angiotensin II-induced superoxide ↓Nitroblue tetrazolium ↓Nitrotyrosine formation ↑Angiotensin II ↓P22phox and AT1 receptor expression | [59] |
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Rats | 0.1–30 micromol/L | SMC were cultured in dishes | ↓Proliferation of natural and PDGF-BB-induced SMC ↓Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases | [60] |
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Rats | 1 mg/kg/day | Daily injection of genistein | ↓Right ventricular pressure ↓Pulmonary vascular remodeling ↓50% in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation ↓Hypertrophy of right ventricular ↓Hypertrophy of ventricular myocyte in neonatal rat | [30] |
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Wistar rats | 1 mg/kg/day | Feed a diet | ↓Blood pressure Restored PKC-βII, eNOS, and ACE expression Preserved ultrastructural integrity of renal | [61] |
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Rats | 20,80,200 μg/kg | Subcutaneous injection for two weeks | ↓Speed of tricuspid regurgitation ↓Ventricular hypertrophy index ↓Pulmonary artery stenosis ↓Smooth muscle proliferation ↓Hypertrophy of right ventricular ↓Hypertrophy of myocardia ↓Pulmonary artery pressure | [62] |
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C57BL/6J mice | 600 mg/kg food | Genistein-containing diet 1 month | ↓Elevated serum insulin ↓Serum glucose ↑Insulin to glucose ratio ↑Isolated aortic rings in both sex ↑Vascular function | [63] |
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In vivo rats | 1 mg/kg | Injection | ↓Contractile response ↓Hyporesponsiveness to NA ↑Nitrite plasma levels ↑INOS expression ↓Long-term hypotension ↓Hypotension and vascular alterations ↓NO overproduction ↑Tyrosine kinase inhibitor effect | [64] |
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Rats | 10 nM | Exposed | ↑Antiaggregatory action ↓Platelet aggregation ↑Antiplatelet activity | [65] |
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Rats | Low-dose (2/5 µg/kg) and high-dose (25 µg/kg) | Subcutaneous treatments | ↓Angiotensin II (46%) | [66] |
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Rats | Low-dose (20 µg/kg) and high-dose (80 µg/kg) | — | ↓Phosphorylation of tyrosine ↓Renal arteries contraction ↓Elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure ↑HO-1 expression ↓Pulmonary arterial hypertension ↑HO-1 in the lung tissues | [67] |
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Rats | Normal amounts of genistein in diet (0.06% (wt/wt)) | Soy-based diet | ↓Hypertension sensitive to NaCl in young ↓Stroke-prone SHRs in male ↓Insulin Plasma ↓Insulin resistance in SHR-SP in NaCl rich diet ↓Cholesterol Plasma ↓Triglycerides | [68] |
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Rats | (Wistar–Kyoto 10 mg/kg/day); SHR-genistein-faslodex (2.5 mg/kg/day) | Vehicle containing | ↓Systolic blood pressure ↑Aortic calmodulin-1 protein ↑NOS activity ↓O2 (−) production ↓Elevated blood pressure ↑ENOS activity ↓O2 (−) generation | [69] |
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