Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

Pharmacological Effects of Genistein on Cardiovascular Diseases

Table 4

The effects of genistein on hypertension.


Study Design	Doses	Route of administration	Effects	Ref

Postmenopausal rat monocytes, aortic vascular cell, and osteoblasts cultures	10 nM or 1 μM	Exposed	↓Cell adhesion molecules ↓Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ↓Osteoblastic ↑Antiosteogenic action ↑Bone cells ↑Alkaline phosphatase activity	[57]

Rats	10 microM	Exposure	↓Contractions ↓Acetylcholine and A23187-induced relaxation	[58]

Rats	50 micromol/l	Exposed	↓Expressions of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor ↓p22phox NADPH oxidase subunit ↓Angiotensin II-induced superoxide ↓Nitroblue tetrazolium ↓Nitrotyrosine formation ↑Angiotensin II ↓P22phox and AT1 receptor expression	[59]

Rats	0.1–30 micromol/L	SMC were cultured in dishes	↓Proliferation of natural and PDGF-BB-induced SMC ↓Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases	[60]

Rats	1 mg/kg/day	Daily injection of genistein	↓Right ventricular pressure ↓Pulmonary vascular remodeling ↓50% in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation ↓Hypertrophy of right ventricular ↓Hypertrophy of ventricular myocyte in neonatal rat	[30]

Wistar rats	1 mg/kg/day	Feed a diet	↓Blood pressure Restored PKC-βII, eNOS, and ACE expression Preserved ultrastructural integrity of renal	[61]

Rats	20,80,200 μg/kg	Subcutaneous injection for two weeks	↓Speed of tricuspid regurgitation ↓Ventricular hypertrophy index ↓Pulmonary artery stenosis ↓Smooth muscle proliferation ↓Hypertrophy of right ventricular ↓Hypertrophy of myocardia ↓Pulmonary artery pressure	[62]

C57BL/6J mice	600 mg/kg food	Genistein-containing diet 1 month	↓Elevated serum insulin ↓Serum glucose ↑Insulin to glucose ratio ↑Isolated aortic rings in both sex ↑Vascular function	[63]

In vivo rats	1 mg/kg	Injection	↓Contractile response ↓Hyporesponsiveness to NA ↑Nitrite plasma levels ↑INOS expression ↓Long-term hypotension ↓Hypotension and vascular alterations ↓NO overproduction ↑Tyrosine kinase inhibitor effect	[64]

Rats	10 nM	Exposed	↑Antiaggregatory action ↓Platelet aggregation ↑Antiplatelet activity	[65]

Rats	Low-dose (2/5 µg/kg) and high-dose (25 µg/kg)	Subcutaneous treatments	↓Angiotensin II (46%)	[66]

Rats	Low-dose (20 µg/kg) and high-dose (80 µg/kg)	—	↓Phosphorylation of tyrosine ↓Renal arteries contraction ↓Elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure ↑HO-1 expression ↓Pulmonary arterial hypertension ↑HO-1 in the lung tissues	[67]

Rats	Normal amounts of genistein in diet (0.06% (wt/wt))	Soy-based diet	↓Hypertension sensitive to NaCl in young ↓Stroke-prone SHRs in male ↓Insulin Plasma ↓Insulin resistance in SHR-SP in NaCl rich diet ↓Cholesterol Plasma ↓Triglycerides	[68]

Rats	(Wistar–Kyoto 10 mg/kg/day); SHR-genistein-faslodex (2.5 mg/kg/day)	Vehicle containing	↓Systolic blood pressure ↑Aortic calmodulin-1 protein ↑NOS activity ↓O₂ (−) production ↓Elevated blood pressure ↑ENOS activity ↓O₂ (−) generation	[69]