Investigation of the Possible Causes of NRBC in ICU Patients and the Dynamic Trend of NRBC Count in Survival and Death Patients or with Different Underlying Diseases: A Retrospective Study

Table 1

Comparison of clinical and laboratory data between NRBC-negative and NRBC-positive groups.

	NRBC-negative	NRBC-positive	value
	131	46
Sex (n, %)
Male	92 (70.2)	27 (58.7)	0.152^b
Female	39 (29.8)	19 (41.3)
Age (years)	72.00 (58.50–82.00)	66.00 (55.00–78.75)	0.158
LOS (days)	13.00 (7.00–28.50)	10.00 (5.00–19.75)	0.067
Underlying diseases (n, %)
Cancer	22 (16.8)	12 (26.1)	0.169^b
Respiratory system disease	56 (42.7)	19 (41.3)	0.865^b
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease	89 (67.9)	20 (43.5)	0.003^b
Urinary system disease	24 (18.3)	16 (34.8)	0.022^b
Digest system disease	30 (22.9)	13 (28.3)	0.466^b
Hypertension	49 (37.4)	9 (19.6)	0.027^b
Diabetes mellitus	27 (20.6)	8 (17.4)	0.791^b
Clinical score
APACHE II	19.62 ± 7.59	23.52 ± 9.39	0.005^a
SOFA	8.00 (6.00–12.00)	13.50 (9.00–17.50)	<0.001
CCI	7.00 (5.00–8.50)	7.00 (6.00–8.00)	0.141
Medication (n, %)
Blood transfusion	52 (39.7)	32 (69.6)	0.001^b
Mechanical ventilation	113 (86.3)	37 (80.4)	0.480^b
Hemodialysis/CRRT	13 (9.9)	11 (23.9)	0.033^b
ECOMO	0 (0.0)	3 (6.5)	0.022^b
Complete blood count
WBC (×10^9/L)	11.38 ± 5.23	12.34 ± 7.06	0.331^a
N (×10^9/L)	9.76 ± 5.04	10.42 ± 6.22	0.476^a
RBC (×10^12/L)	3.71 ± 0.79	3.25 ± 0.75	0.001^a
Hb (g/L)	112.00 (93.50–128.50)	88.00 (78.44–105.88)	<0.001
RDW (%)	13.20 (12.62–14.09)	14.00 (13.41–15.85)	<0.001
NRBC (×10^9/L)	0.00 (0.00–0.00)	0.52 (0.24–2.00)	<0.001
PLT (×10^9/L)	192 ± 104	158 ± 108	0.059^a
Coagulation function
D-D (mg/L)	2.77 (1.44–7.49)	8.85 (2.71–15.38)	0.001
Fig (g/L)	4.19 ± 1.67	4.00 ± 1.71	0.506^a
Blood gas
PO2 (mmHg)	123 ± 38	113 ± 39	0.135^a
PCO2 (mmHg)	33.87 (30.86–38.13)	33.38 (30.05–39.40)	0.880
SO2 (%)	98.30 (96.75–99.20)	97.10 (93.92–98.18)	<0.001
OI (mmHg)	316 ± 109	261 ± 111	0.004^a
Liver function
ALT (U/L)	20.47 (13.90–33.71)	64.15 (22.74–504.69)	<0.001
AST (U/L)	34.38 (21.14–68.10)	192.33 (42.14–626.17)	<0.001
ALP (U/L)	78.73 (63.03–106.63)	96.58 (75.50–173.39)	0.005
GGT (U/L)	31.70 (19.83–57.94)	56.87 (25.16–94.35)	0.007
TBIL (μmol/L)	14.22 (9.20–19.46)	16.29 (10.06–43.00)	0.047
DBIL (μmol/L)	5.11 (3.42–7.71)	7.82 (4.34–19.55)	0.003
Serum protein
PA (mg/dL)	15.51 ± 7.82	10.55 ± 5.70	<0.001^a
TP (g/L)	59.87 ± 10.87	53.83 ± 9.47	0.001^a
Alb (g/L)	32.11 ± 6.35	27.28 ± 5.80	<0.001^a
A/G	1.23 ± 0.35	1.07 ± 0.27	0.002^a
TBA (μmol/L)	2.41 (1.25–4.86)	5.26 (1.97–10.94)	<0.001
CHE (KU/L)	5.29 (3.69–6.70)	3.69 (2.04–5.25)	<0.001
Serum electrolyte
K (mmol/L)	3.90 (3.74–4.34)	4.16 (3.75–4.73)	0.078
Na (mmol/L)	140.49 ± 5.81	142.62 ± 8.83	0.066^a
Cl (mmol/L)	105.97 ± 6.38	106.17 ± 8.31	0.869^a
Ca (mmol/L)	2.07 ± 0.16	2.00 ± 0.20	0.011^a
Mg (mmol/L)	0.83 (0.74–0.91)	0.90 (0.78–1.00)	0.008
P (mmol/L)	1.00 (0.80–1.23)	1.16 (0.89–1.89)	0.035
Kidney function
Crea (μmol/L)	88.79 (57.57–143.94)	157.49 (83.39–281.06)	<0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	7.50 (5.18–13.04)	15.88 (8.60–20.91)	<0.001
UA (μmol/L)	320.24 (224.18–426.63)	444.37 (323.05–562.86)	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	71.00 (39.00–97.00)	34.50 (18.00–60.50)	<0.001
Lipid
HDLC (mmol/L)	1.10 ± 0.37	0.83 ± 0.35	<0.001^a
LDLC (mmol/L)	1.62 (1.12–2.23)	1.36 (0.87–1.96)	0.059
APOA1 (g/L)	1.06 ± 0.36	0.73 ± 0.29	<0.001^a
APOB (g/L)	0.74 (0.56–0.95)	0.69 (0.50–0.88)	0.201
TC (mmol/L)	3.77 ± 1.98	3.06 ± 1.36	0.025^a
Infection index
CRP (mg/L)	61.04 (17.49–116.67)	107.34 (50.40–193.13)	0.003
SAA (mg/L)	247.20 (63.11–361.92)	284.63 (78.60–376.52)	0.615
PCT (ng/mL)	0.80 (0.18–5.42)	3.37 (1.01–15.53)	0.001
Myocardial enzyme
LDH (U/L)	266.14 (207.22–392.32)	665.12 (402.18–1793.53)	<0.001
Complement
C3 (g/L)	0.90 ± 0.26	0.72 ± 0.31	<0.001^a

CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECOMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenator; WBC, white blood cell; N, neutrophils; RBC, red blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; NRBC, nucleated red blood cell; PLT, platelet; D-D, D-dimer; Fig, fibrinogen; PO₂, partial pressure of oxygen; PCO₂, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; SO₂, oxygen saturation; OI, oxygenation index; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ-glutamine transferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; PA, prealbumin; TP, total protein; Alb, albumin; A/G, albumin/globulin; TBA, total bile acid; CHE, cholinesterase; K, potassium; Na, sodium; Cl, chlorine; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; P, phosphorus; Cr, crea; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; APOA1, apolipoprotein A1; APOB, apolipoprotein B; TC, total cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; SAA, serum amyloid A; PCT, procalcitonin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; C3, complement 3. ^a value was obtained by the t-test; ^b value was obtained by the chi-square test; other values were obtained by the Mann–Whitney U test.