Research Article

Effectiveness of Yoga and Acupuncture in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Interventions and outcome measures.

No.StudyType of interventionDuration, frequency, and duration of interventionEvaluated results
InterventionControl

1Surabhi GautamYoga (NE)8 weeks of yoga practice, 120 minute sessions, plus FARMEContinuation of formulated FARMEsMeasurement of changes in disease activity through DAS 28. Assessment of mitochondrial health status. Measurement of functional changes
2Selvakumar GanesanYoga (NE)12 weeks of yoga practice, 30-minute sessions 3 times a week, plus FARMEContinuation of formulated FARMEsMeasurement of disease activity through DAS 28, inflammatory markers, and heart rate variability
3Madhuri TolahunaseaYoga (Patanjali’s Raj yoga)8 weeks of yoga practice, 120 minute sessions 5 times per week, plus FARMEContinuation of formulated FARMEsAssess change in RA severity through DAS 28, inflammatory markers, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and immunomodulatory markers
4Wen-zhong CaoAcupuncture (NE)Triple therapy administered every 3 days consecutively for 10 times for 30 days, plus DMARDsMethotrexate 10 mg weekly, diclofenac 0.3 gr dose, folic acid 5 mg weekly for 30 daysMeasurement of changes in disease activity through RF, DAS 28, CRP, and ESR
5Zhu YanAcupuncture (NE)Basic points stimulated were Ganshu, Shenshu, Hegu, Quchi, and Zusanli, administered every day for 6 consecutive days a week for 3 courses, associated with FARMEMethotrexate 10 mg weekly, ibuprofen 0.3 g twice a day, folic acid 5 mg weekly; one course of treatment equivalent to 30 days, and 3 courses were necessaryMeasurement of serological indices, changes in disease activity through DAS 28, observation of signs and/or symptoms of blood stasis, and assessment of active symptomatology through qualitative measurement
6Manoj KumarYoga (Patanjali’s Ashtanga)8 weeks of practice with Patanjali’s Ashtanga yoga component, 120-minute sessions 5 times a week, plus FARMEContinuation of formulated FARMEsMeasurement of changes in disease activity through DAS 28, inflammatory markers, mind-body communication markers, and assess changes in quality of life
7Xie Yu-yingAcupuncture (electro)1 session every 2 days for 12 weeks, plus formulated DMARDs + NSAIDs (control group scheme)Methotrexate 10–12.5 mg weekly, nimesulide 0.1 mg twice a day, omeprazole 100 mg 3 times a day depending on the patientAssessment of active symptomatology through qualitative measurement, DAS 28, ESR, CRP, and evaluation of efficacy
8Atef MAcupuncture (laser)Laser acupuncture (904 nm, output power 100 mW, irradiation time 1 minute), 3 days a week for 4 weeksNo intervention, healthy patientsMeasurement of disease activity through DAS 28, RF, inflammation markers, oxidation markers, antioxidant enzymes, and ATP levels

NE, not specified; DMARDs, disease-modifying drugs; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; DAS 28, disease activity score 28; RF, rheumatoid factor; CRP, c-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate.