Urinary Tract Infections due to Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Chicago Emergency Department
Table 1
Characteristics of patients with urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and non-MDR Enterobacteriaceae.
Characteristics
All patients ()
MDR group ()
Non-MDR group ()
Median age (IQR) (years)
44 (27–68)
61 (33–82)
41 (26–62)
<0.001
Male gender
80 (19)
22 (26)
58 (17)
0.04
Ethnicity
African American
226 (52)
38 (46)
188 (54)
0.18
Caucasian
96 (22)
20 (24)
76 (22)
0.66
Hispanic
93 (22)
22 (27)
71 (20)
0.22
Asian
6 (1)
2 (2)
4 (1)
0.33
Other
10 (2)
1 (1)
9 (3)
0.70
Pregnancy
19 (4)
1 (1)
18 (5)
0.14
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus
87 (20)
25 (30)
62 (18)
0.01
Renal transplant
34 (8)
5 (6)
29 (8)
0.48
Obstructive uropathy
59 (14)
24 (29)
35 (10)
<0.001
Healthcare-associated risksb
143 (33)
51 (61)
92 (26)
<0.001
Prior urinary tract infection
172 (40)
53 (64)
119 (34)
<0.001
Prior antibiotic use within 3 months
Any antibiotics
114 (27)
40 (48)
74 (21)
<0.001
Fluoroquinolones
50 (12)
27 (33)
23 (7)
0.02
Cephalosporins
38 (9)
13 (16)
25 (7)
0.01
Penicillins
31 (7)
11 (13)
20 (6)
<0.001
Vancomycin
26 (6)
8 (10)
18 (5)
0.11
TMP-SMX
18 (4)
8 (10)
10 (3)
0.006
Nitrofurantoin
14 (3)
5 (6)
9 (3)
0.09
Clindamycin
11 (3)
3 (4)
8 (2)
0.13
Carbapenems
6 (1)
3 (4)
3 (1)
0.25
Macrolides
5 (1)
2 (2)
3 (1)
0.45
Type of urinary tract infection
0.45
Lower tract disease
280 (65)
51 (61)
229 (66)
Upper tract disease
151 (35)
32 (39)
119 (34)
Data are in number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
aCompared between MDR and non-MDR groups.
bDefined as presence of chronic indwelling urinary catheters, healthcare exposure including hospital stay for at least 48 hours, nursing home or long-term care facility residence, regular hemodialysis clinic visits or urological procedures within the past 3 months. IQR: interquartile range; TMP-SMX: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
