Urinary Tract Infections due to Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Chicago Emergency Department
Table 4
Risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae-associated urinary tract infections.
Risk factors
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
OR (95% CI)
aOR (95% CI)
Age
1.02 (1.01–1.04)
<0.001
1.01 (1.00–1.02)
0.14
Male gender
1.80 (1.03–3.17)
<0.001
0.84 (0.41–1.69)
0.62
Diabetes mellitus
1.99 (1.16–3.42)
0.01
1.40 (0.75–2.63)
0.29
Obstructive uropathy
3.64 (2.02–6.56)
<0.001
2.22 (1.04–4.78)
0.04
Prior urinary tract infection
3.40 (2.06–5.60)
<0.001
1.73 (0.97–3.08)
0.06
Healthcare-associated risksa
4.44 (2.68–7.32)
<0.001
2.32 (1.23–4.37)
0.009
Prior penicillin use within 3 months
2.51 (1.15–5.46)
0.02
0.66 (0.25–1.71)
0.39
Prior cephalosporin use within 3 months
2.40 (1.17–4.92)
0.01
0.78 (0.32–1.89)
0.59
Prior fluoroquinolone use within 3 months
6.81 (3.65–12.72)
<0.001
3.64 (1.74–7.64)
0.001
Prior TMP-SMX use within 3 months
3.61 (1.38–9.44)
0.006
1.16 (0.35–3.84)
0.81
aDefined as presence of chronic indwelling urinary catheters, healthcare exposure including hospital stay for at least 48 hours, nursing home or long-term care facility residence, regular hemodialysis clinic visits or urological procedures within the past 3 months. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; TMP-SMX: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
