Potential Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Blunt Multiple Trauma Who Survive Initial Resuscitation
Table 4
Patterns of injury and diagnosis during ED evaluation according to physical examination, laboratory, and radiological findings for the 195 patients.
Survivors (n=152, 88)
Nonsurvivors (n=43, 22)
All patients (n=195)
p
Head injury (n )
62 (41)
38 (88)
100 (51)
0.0001
Severe TBI
24 (16)
27 (63)
51 (26)
0.0001
Moderate TBI
21 (14)
9 (21)
30 (15)
0.182
Subarachnoid bleeding
26 (17%)
23 (53%)
49 (25%)
0.0001
Subdural/epidural hematoma
20 (13%)
24 (56%)
44 (23%)
0.0001
Intraparenchymal bleeding
15 (10%)
5 (12%)
20 (10%)
0.462
Contusion
10 (6%)
8 (19%)
18 (9%)
0.023
Diffuse axonal injury
8 (4%)
6 (14%)
14 (7%)
0.060
Fracture
29 (19%)
18 (42%)
47 (24%)
0.002
Extremity injury (n )
132 (87)
36 (84)
168 (86)
0.381
Pelvis fracture
42 (28%)
12 (28%)
52 (27%)
0.556
Femur fracture
40 (26%)
9 (21%)
49 (25%)
0.307
Others bone fractures
98 (64%)
31 (72%)
129 (66%)
0.228
Amputation
5 (3%)
1 (2%)
6 (3%)
0.604
Thoracic injury (n )
76 (50)
27 (63)
103 (53)
0.095
Pulmonary contusion
47 (31%)
16 (37%)
63 (32%)
0.274
Haemothorax
29 (18%)
9 (21%)
38 (19%)
0.425
Pneumothorax
27 (18%)
16 (37%)
43 (22%)
0.008
Rib fractures
42 (28%)
17 (40%)
59 (30%)
0.096
Maxillofacial injury (n )
26 (17)
13 (30)
39 (20)
0.059
Spinal injury (n )
30 (20)
9 (21)
39 (20)
0.537
Abdominal injury (n )
20 (13)
9 (21)
29 (15)
0.153
Liver trauma
14 (9%)
8 (19%)
22 (11%)
0.079
Splenic injury
7 (5%)
4 (9%)
11 (6%)
0.204
Others
3 (2%)
0 (0%)
3 (2%)
0.472
Genitourinary injury (n )
2 (1)
4 (9)
6 (3)
0.022
Vascular injury (n )
6 (4)
5 (12)
11 (5)
0.067
Severe hemorrhage (n )
26 (17)
26 (60)
52 (27)
0.0001
Coagulopathy on admission (n )
6 (4)
9 (21)
15 (8)
0.0001
TBI: traumatic brain injury. Stage 3 and 4 hemorrhagic shockduring ED admission; represents p values for comparisons between the surviving and nonsurviving groups.
