Potential Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Blunt Multiple Trauma Who Survive Initial Resuscitation
Table 5
Complications, organ failure, and specific interventions during ED admission and hospitalization.
Survivors (n=152, 88)
Nonsurvivors (n=43, 22)
All patients (n=195)
p
Complications (n )
56 (37%)
34 (79%)
90 (46%)
0.0001
Pneumonia
27 (18%)
23 (53%)
50 (26%)
0.0001
Sepsis
18 (12%)
17 (40%)
35 (18%)
0.0001
Surgery site infection
18 (12%)
12 (28%)
30 (15%)
0.012
After orthopedic surgery
12 (8%)
9 (21%)
21 (11%)
0.020
After abdominal and/or genitourinary surgery
6 (4%)
3 (7%)
9 (5%)
0.315
Urinary tract infection
14 (9%)
8 (17%)
22 (11%)
0.079
ARDS
5 (3%)
8 (19%)
13 (7%)
0.002
Pulmonary emboli
4 (3%)
3 (7%)
7 (4%)
0.182
Compartment syndrome
0 (0%)
3 (7%)
3 (2%)
0.010
Others
7 (5%)
3 (8%)
10 (5%)
0.385
Organ failure (n )
36 (24%)
31 (72%)
67 (34%)
0.0001
Respiratory
33 (22%)
31 (72%)
64 (33%)
0.0001
Cardiovascular
21 (13%)
31 (72%)
52 (27%)
0.0001
Hematologic
7 (5%)
26 (60%)
33 (17%)
0.0001
Liver
12 (8%)
19 (44%)
31 (16%)
0.0001
Renal
3 (2%)
24 (56%)
27 (14%)
0.0001
Multiorgan (two or more organs)
27 (18%)
31 (72%)
58 (30%)
0.0001
Specific interventions (n )
Mechanical ventilation
50 (28%)
42 (95%)
92 (43%)
0.0001
Noninvasive ventilation
36 (24%)
1 (2%)
37 (20%)
0.0001
Tube thoracostomy
17 (11%)
13 (30%)
30 (15%)
0.004
Packed red cell transfusion
69 (45%)
42 (98%)
111 (57%)
0.0001
Fresh frozen plasma transfusion
38 (25%)
41 (95%)
79 (41%)
0.0001
Platelet transfusion
18 (12%)
26 (60)
44 (23%)
0.0001
Antibiotherapy
143 (94%)
41 (95%)
184 (94%)
0.250
Vasoactive drug infusion
33 (22%)
37 (86%)
70 (36%)
0.0001
Tracheostomy
12 (8%)
14 (33%)
26 (13%)
0.0001
Renal replacement therapy
2 (1%)
11 (19%)
13 (4%)
0.0001
Pelvic embolization
2 (1%)
3 (7%)
5 (3%)
0.072
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; p values for comparisons between the surviving and nonsurviving groups; for example, meningitis and intracranial abscess after brain surgery, seizure, arrhythmia, anoxic brain damage, diabetes insipidus, decubitus ulcer, and deep vein thrombosis.
