Research Article

Risk Factors for Prolonged Length of Stay of Older Patients in an Academic Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 3

Demographical, organizational, and clinical characteristics of patients.

VariableAll patients (n=2000)

Patient characteristics
 Age at ED visit, mean ± SD78 ± 6.2
 Sex, n (%)
  Men1048 (52)
  Women952 (48)
 Presence of (signs of) cognitive impairment, n (%)346 (17)
 Polypharmacy, n (%)1310 (66)
 CACI, mean ± SD5.6 ± 2.1

Organizational factors
 Day of presentation, n (%)
  Monday through Friday1536 (77)
  Saturday and Sunday464 (23)
 Time of presentation, n (%)
  Night (00.00 - 6.59)138 (6.9)
  Morning (7.00 - 11.59)406 (20)
  Afternoon (12.00 - 17.59)980 (49)
  Evening (18.00 - 23.59)476 (24)
 Number of consultations per patient, mean ± SD0.47 ± 0.74
 Number of diagnostic interventions per patient, mean ± SD2.2 ± 1.4
 Number of therapeutic interventions per patient, mean ± SD0.96 ± 0.33
 Mode of presentation, n (%)
  General practitioner760 (38)
  Specialist of our institution561 (28)
  Emergency call447 (22)
  Self-referral 157 (7.9)
  Another hospital75 (3.8)
 Method of transport, n (%)
  Self-transport1171 (59)
  Ambulance782 (39)
  MMT/trauma helicopter33 (1.7)
  Other14 (0.70)
 Seniority of physician, n (%)
  Resident1678 (84)
  Attending specialist322 (16)
 Assigned urgency, n (%)
  U0101 (5.1)
  U1 - U2876 (44)
  U3 - U4751 (38)
  U5 or missing272 (14)
 Destination after ED visit, n (%)
  Admitted to hospital1251 (63)
  Discharged735 (37)
  Deceased at the ED14 (0.70)
 Revisits, n (%)
  Revisits < 15 days173 (8.6)
  Revisits 15-30 days99 (5,0)
  Revisits < 30 days272 (13.6)

Clinical factors
 Presenting complaint, n (%)
  Internal medicine1032 (52)
  Trauma329 (16)
  Neurological285 (14)
  Altered consciousness119 (6.0)
  Sequelae of medical procedure112 (5.6)
  Other64 (3.2)
  High impact trauma34 (1.7)
  Resuscitation25 (1.3)
 Diagnosis at ED visit, n (%)
  Internal medicine642 (32)
  Neurology339 (17)
  Surgical, other than trauma325 (16)
  Cardiology or pulmonology308 (15)
  Trauma237 (12)
  Other106 (5.3)
  Resuscitation26 (1.3)
  Multitrauma17 (0.85)
 Treating specialty, n (%)
  Emergency physician729 (36)
  Internal medicine462 (23)
  Neurology216 (11)
  Surgery193 (9.7)
  Other173 (8.7)
  Pulmonology123 (6.2)
  Geriatrics104 (5.2)

CACI: Charlson Age-Comorbidity Index
MMT: medical mobile team
ED: emergency department