The Impact of Emergency Interventions and Patient Characteristics on the Risk of Heart Failure in Patients with Nontraumatic OHCA
Table 4
Variables influencing the risk of new-onset heart failure according to different age groups.
Adjusted HRs for new-onset heart failure
All patients
<60 years
60–75 years
>75 years
Models and variables
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
Model 1
8.68 (7.33–10.29)b
5.48 (4.22–7.12)b
11.20 (8.83–14.20)b
10.49 (8.38–13.15)b
Comparison patientsa
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Model 2
5.21 (4.30–6.30)b
4.15 (3.16–5.43)b
5.36 (4.08–7.04)b
4.83 (3.71–6.30)b
Comparison patientsa
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Myocardial infarction
2.47 (2.05–2.98)b
2.86 (2.25–3.65)b
2.84 (2.24–3.59)b
2.38 (1.88–2.99)b
Hypertension
1.67 (1.38–2.02)b
1.75 (1.38–2.22)b
1.61(1.28–2.04)b
1.80 (1.43–2.27)b
Cardiomyopathy
2.94 (1.45–5.94)b
4.62 (1.89–11.29)b
1.21 (0.30–4.90)
3.50 (1.11–11.03)b
Diabetes mellitus
1.03 (0.84–1.26)
1.02 (0.77–1.35)
1.02 (0.78–1.32)
1.00 (0.78–1.29)
COPD and asthma
1.35 (1.12–1.62)b
1.84 (1.46–2.33)b
1.68 (1.34–2.11)b
1.47 (1.17–1.85)b
CKD
1.25 (0.95–1.65)
1.40 (0.91–2.15)
1.24 (0.85–1.82)
1.49 (1.05–2.11)b
Liver cirrhosis
0.86 (0.48–1.53)
0.58 (0.24–1.40)
0.74 (0.30–1.78)
1.36 (0.67–2.74)
Atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation
2.02 (1.47–2.78)b
3.78 (2.47–5.76)b
2.37 (1.56–3.58)b
2.40 (1.66–3.47)b
Model 3
6.47 (5.34–7.84)b
3.13 (2.19–4.74)b
7.04 (5.22–9.51)b
8.84 (6.91–11.31)b
Comparison patientsa
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Defibrillation
1.36 (1.01–1.83)b
1.42 (0.84–2.40)
2.21 (1.41–3.47)b
1.03 (0.56–1.87)
PCI
3.95 (3.01–5.18)b
5.58 (3.44–9.05)b
3.73 (2.41–5.77)b
5.78 (3.69–9.03)b
ECMO
0.23 (0.07–0.73)b
0.40 (0.12–1.29)
—c
—c
Therapeutic hypothermia
0.87 (0.50–1.53)
1.01 (0.44–2.33)
1.05 (0.46–2.43)
0.56 (0.08–4.03)
Model 4
5.45 (4.27–6.97)b
1.57 (0.98–2.50)
4.36 (2.88–6.60)b
5.40 (3.74–7.79)b
Comparison patientsa
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Infection
1.53 (1.20–1.94)b
3.15 (2.17–4.57)b
2.60 (1.80–3.74)b
2.34 (1.66–3.31)b
Ischemic heart disease
4.50 (3.46–5.86)b
6.72 (4.34–10.42)b
5.74 (3.80–8.65)b
6.39 (4.14–9.85)b
Nonischemic heart disease
1.12 (0.88–1.42)
2.16 (1.33–3.51)b
1.46 (0.97–2.20)
0.99 (0.68–1.46)
Model 5
3.20 (2.44–4.19)b
1.25 (0.77–2.05)
1.92 (1.23–3.00)b
2.66 (1.81–3.92)b
Comparison patientsa
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
aReference group; ;cdata were not allowed to be displayed if extraction with certain specific parameters resulted in an output of less than 3 patients (identification possible); Model 1: adjusted by demographics. Model 2: adjusted by medical history. Model 3: adjusted by emergency interventions. Model 4: adjusted by new-onset comorbidities during hospitalization. Model 5: adjusted by all variables (models 1–4).
