Preoperative Risk Factors for Short-Term Postoperative Mortality of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia after Laparotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Summary of risk factors analyzed in multivariate models.

Risk factors	Study	OR (95% CI)	value
Patient factors
Age > 60 years	Park et al., 2002	3.0 (1.3–6.9)	0.0093
Age > 65 years	Crawford et al., 2016	1.8 (1.4–2.3)	<0.0001
Age > 65 years	Huang et al., 2005	1.08 (1.01–1.15)	0.02
Age > 70 years	Kougias et al., 2007	3.6 (1.2–4.2)	0.03
Age (for each increase of 1 year)	Gupta et al., 2011	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	<0.05
Age (for each increase of 1 year)	Marchena-Gomez et al., 2009	1.034 (1.003–1.066)	0.031
Age (for each increase of 1 year)	Vural et al., 2019	1.14 (1.005–1.303)	<0.02
ASA class 1^a	Gupta et al., 2011	0.04 (0.004–0.35)	<0.05
ASA class 2^a	Gupta et al., 2011	0.15 (0.06–0.37)	<0.05
ASA class 3^a	Gupta et al., 2011	0.27 (0.13–0.57)	<0.05
ASA class 4^a	Gupta et al., 2011	0.40 (0.19–0.84)	<0.05
Cardiac dysrhythmia	Crawford et al., 2016	1.5 (1.1–1.9)	0.003
Cardiac illness	Acosta-Merida et al., 2006	2.60 (1.02–6.62)	0.045
Chronic kidney disease	Crawford et al., 2016	1.8 (1.4–2.3)	<0.0001
Heart failure	Merle et al., 2004	5.9 (1.1–31.8)	0.029
Hypercoagulability	Crawford et al., 2016	2.6 (1.8–3.7)	<0.0001
Metabolic acidosis	Huang et al., 2005	6.604 (1.804–24.171)	0.01
NOMI versus MVT	Hsu et al., 2006	12.367 (1.450–105.455)	0.021
Peritonitis	Edwards et al., 2003	22.9 (2.3–225.2)	0.007
Preoperative hypotension	Edwards et al., 2003	14.9 (1.4–160.6)	0.026
Previous surgery	Park et al., 2002	2.4 (1.2–4.9)	0.0229
Prolonged symptoms duration	Kougias et al., 2007	4.6 (1.3–5.1)	0.02
Sepsis	Gupta et al., 2011	3.02 (1.33–6.84)	<0.05
Perioperative factors
Abnormal albumin	Gupta et al., 2011	2.71 (1.32–5.57)	<0.05
AST >200 IU/L	Merle et al., 2004	8.5 (1.7–41.9)	<0.001
Bandemia	Huang et al., 2005	3.894 (1.160–13.074)	0.03
Blood hemoglobin (for each increase of 1 g/dl)	Arnalich et al., 2010	0.24 (0.10–0.40)	0.001
BUN (for each increase of 1 mg/dl)	Huang et al., 2005	7.219 (1.166–44.696)	0.03
Creatinine (for each increase of 1 mg/dl)	Marchena-Gomez et al., 2009	2.137 (1.3–3.6)	0.003
Creatinine level ≥ 2 mg/dl	Akyildiz et al., 2015	2.4	0.04
CRP > 100 mg/L	Groteluschen et al., 2019	1.758 (1.012–3.054)	<0.001
Elevated AST	Huang et al., 2005	4.532 (1.274–16.122)	0.02
Glucose (for each increase of 1 mmol/l)	Arnalich et al., 2010	1.030 (1.01–1.25)	0.001
Lactate > 3 mmol/L	Groteluschen et al., 2019	2.717 (1.561–4.729)	<0.001
Lactate > 5 mmol/L	Merle et al., 2004	5.5 (1.2–24.5)	0.014
PCT > 40 ng/L	Merle et al., 2004	7.4 (1.3–39.2)	0.006
Urea levels (for each increase of 1 mmol/l)	Acosta-Merida et al., 2006	33.89 (5.07–226.51)	<0.001

^aASA class 5. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; MVT, mesenteric venous thrombosis; NOMI, nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia; PCT, procalcitonin.