Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Pattern and mechanism of pediatric traumatic brain injury at HUCSH from September 2017 to September 2018.

Characteristics of traumatic brain injury	Subclassification	N (%)
Mechanism of injury	Road traffic accident	144 (45.4)
	Falls	104 (32.8)
	Fighting	40 (12.6)
	Animal kick or bite	28 (8.8)
	Assault/child abuse	1 (0.3)
Time of arrival after injury	<24 hours	258 (81.4)
	1–3 day	31 (9.8)
	>3 day	28 (8.8)
Place of occurrence	Home	29 (9.1)
	Outdoor	144 (45.4)
	Occupant in vehicle	24 (7.6)
	Pedestrian	120 (37.9)
Loss of consciousness at presentation	No	228 (71.9)
	Yes	89 (28.1)
Convulsion at presentation	No	291 (91.8)
	Yes	26 (8.2)
Signs of increased ICP	No	257 (81.1)
	Yes	60 (18.9)
Sign and symptom of increased ICP	Vomiting	16 (5.1)
	Hypertension	22 (6.9)
	Decreased mentation	22 (6.9)
Pupillary sign	Unilaterally fixed	22 (6.9)
	Symmetrically fixed	3 (0.9)
	Midsized and reactive	277 (87.4)
	Bilaterally dilated	15 (4.8)
Severity of TBI	Mild TBI	231 (72.9)
	Moderate TBI	61 (19.2)
	Severe TBI	25 (7.9)
Head CT and scan finding	Normal	50 (15.8)
	Skull fracture	94 (29.7)
	DSF with contusion, DAI+, intracranial bleeding	36 (11.4)
	Contusion/DAI	30 (9.5)
	Intracranial bleeding	14 (4.4)
	Not done	93 (29.3)
Skull X-ray finding	Normal	77 (24.3)
	Linear skull fracture	27 (8.5)
	Depressed skull fracture	72 (22.7)
	Not done	141 (44.5)
Hypotension on admission	No	308 (97.2)
	Yes	9 (2.8)
Hyperglycemia on admission	No	297 (93.7)
	Yes	20 (6.3)

Intracranial pressure. Traumatic brain injury. Depressed skull fracture, +diffuse axonal injury. CT: computed tomography