Prevalence of Geriatric Syndromes and the Need for Hospice Care in Older Patients of the Emergency Department: A Study in an Asian Medical Center

Table 2

Prevalence of geriatric syndromes and the need for hospice care based on EGA classified by sex.

Variable	Total (n = 693)	Female (n = 323)	Male (n = 370)	value
Delirium	73 (11.4)	28 (9.4)	45 (13.1)	0.18
Depression	133 (23.4)	56 (21.5)	77 (25.1)	0.36
Dementia	248 (43.1)	123 (45.7)	125 (40.8)	0.27
Deterioration of ADL for <1 year^†	200 (29.4)	97 (30.5)	103 (28.4)	0.60
Feeding	92 (3.3)	45 (13.9)	47 (12.7)	0.73
Hygiene	133 (19.2)	62 (19.2)	71 (19.2)	>0.95
Dressing	106 (15.3)	49 (15.2)	57 (15.4)	>0.95
Transferring	92 (13.3)	42 (13.0)	50 (13.6)	0.92
Walking	142 (20.5)	68 (21.1)	74 (20.1)	0.82
Toileting	111 (16.0)	53 (16.4)	58 (15.7)	0.89
Bathing	140 (20.2)	71 (22.0)	69 (18.7)	0.33
Vision impairment affecting ADL	143 (22.2)	66 (21.9)	77 (22.6)	0.90
Hearing impairment affecting ADL	153 (23.8)	59 (19.6)	94 (27.6)	0.02
Sleep disturbances affecting ADL	90 (13.1)	51 (15.9)	39 (10.7)	0.04
Any fall in <1 year	149 (21.8)	77 (24.1)	72 (19.7)	0.19
Polypharmacy (≥8 drugs)	198 (28.7)	98 (30.5)	100 (27.2)	0.38
Pain	220 (35.1)	114 (39.2)	106 (31.5)	0.06
Pressure ulcer	39 (5.6)	16 (5.0)	23 (6.2)	0.57
Incontinence or retention	205 (29.6)	96 (29.7)	109 (29.5)	>0.95
Indwelling device or physical restrain^†	149 (21.6)	65 (20.2)	84 (22.8)	0.47
Nasogastric tube	81 (11.7)	31 (9.6)	50 (13.6)	0.14
Foley catheter	98 (14.2)	51 (15.8)	47 (12.7)	0.30
Tracheostomy	6 (0.9)	1 (0.3)	5 (1.4)	0.29
Physical restrain	5 (0.7)	3 (0.9)	2 (0.5)	0.88
Other	14 (2.0)	2 (0.6)	12 (3.3)	0.03
Nutrition problem^‡	237 (35.7)	135 (43.3)	102 (29.0)	<0.01
BMI	22.9 ± 4.1	23.2 ± 4.6	22.7 ± 3.6	0.13
Frequent use of medical resources	347 (50.1)	150 (46.4)	197 (53.4)	0.08
Lack of advance care planning	581 (84.0)	269 (83.3)	312 (84.6)	0.73
Caregiver problem	32 (4.6)	11 (3.4)	21 (5.7)	0.21
Socioeconomic problem^†	38 (5.5)	20 (6.7)	18 (4.9)	0.55
Live alone	31 (4.5)	17 (5.3)	14 (3.8)	0.46
Economic problem	10 (1.4)	4 (1.2)	6 (1.6)	0.92
Need for family meeting	43 (6.2)	19 (5.9)	24 (6.5)	0.87
Need for hospice care	82 (11.9)	38 (11.8)	44 (11.9)	>0.95
Estimated life period <6 months	26 (3.8)	14 (4.3)	12 (3.3)	0.59
Need for comfortable care only	26 (3.8)	14 (4.3)	12 (3.3)	0.59
Long-term bedridden^¶	82 (11.9)	38 (11.9)	44 (11.9)	>0.95

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Comparison between female and male patients. ^†Multiple choices. EGA, emergency geriatric assessment; ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; BWL, body weight loss. ^‡Any of the following: BMI ≤18.5 kg/m², BMI ≥27 kg/m², BWL 5% in <1 month or BWL 10% in <6 months, dysphagia or poor appetite in recent 2 weeks, or difficulty in swallowing or intake. ^¶Long-term bedridden for >3 months, recurrent infection, and significant cognitive impairment.