Blunt Isolated Small Bowel Perforation Intervention: Does a Delay in Management Matter?
Table 3
Comparison of outcomes between groups treated for ≤24 and those treated for >24 hours.
Time to operation ≤24 h (n = 46)
Time to operation >24 h (n = 6)
value
Male
34 (74)
4 (67)
0.655
Age (y), mean ± SD
52 ± 16
61 ± 9
0.192
Abdominal pain
43 (94)
5 (83)
0.397
Time from injury to OR (hour), median (IQR, 25–75)
4.8 (3.2–8.9)
43.8 (37.5–81)
0.001
Time from ER to OR (hour), median (IQR, 25–75)
2.7 (2–4.8)
31.1 (4.3–42.8)
<0.001
Injury mechanism
0.918
MVC
21 (46)
2 (33)
MBC
5 (11)
1 (17)
Pedestrian
5 (11)
1 (17)
Falls
2 (4)
0 (0)
Bicycle
3 (6)
0 (0)
Others
10 (22)
2 (33)
SBP (mmHg), median (IQR, 25–75)
110 (94–130)
103 (98–124)
0.356
Hypotension (SBP <90 mmHg)
10 (22)
0 (0)
0.582
HR (beats per minute), mean ± SD
86 ± 17
89 ± 14
0.699
GCS, median (IQR, 25–75)
15 (14–15)
15 (14–15)
0.472
CT findings (initial)
Bowel-wall thickness
41 (89)
4 (67)
0.180
Mesenteric stranding
40 (87)
6 (100)
1.000
Free air
36 (78)
2 (33)
0.038
Free fluid
41 (89)
6 (100)
1.000
Contrast extravasation
12 (26)
0 (0)
0.316
Initial Hgb (mg/dl), mean ± SD
13.6 ± 2.3
12.1 ± 1.8
0.143
Initial WBC (109/L), mean ± SD
11.8 ± 5.1
12.1 ± 7.9
0.883
CRP (n = 44 mg/dL), median (IQR, 25–75)
0.24 (0.08–1.07)
10.8 (0.05–24.00)
0.357
Lowest Hgb (mg/dl), mean ± SD
10.3 ± 2.1
10.3 ± 1.6
0.983
Abdominal AIS score
0.650
3
30 (65)
5 (83)
4
16 (35)
1 (17)
ISS, median (IQR, 25–75)
17 (10–24)
0.950
BIPS
0.823
1
4 (9)
1 (17)
2
34 (74)
4 (66)
3
8 (17)
1 (17)
Bowel resection
26 (57)
5 (83)
0.382
LOS (days), median (IQR, 25–75)
24 (17–36)
28 (20–98)
0.720
ICU LOS (days), median (IQR, 25–75)
2 (1–12)
11 (7–14)
0.388
Mortality
3 (7)
0
1.000
Morbidity1
20 (44)
3 (50)
1.000
Wound complication2
13 (28)
3 (50)
0.357
Intra-abdominal complication3
8 (17)
1 (17)
1.000
Lung complication4
10 (22)
2 (33)
0.612
Catheter-associated complication
3 (7)
1 (17)
0.397
Acute kidney injury
2
0
1.000
SD standard deviation; OR operation room; ER emergency room; MVA motor vehicle collision; MBA motor bike collision; SBP systolic blood pressure in emergency department; HR heart rate in emergency department; GCS Glasgow coma scale; CT computed tomography; Hgb hemoglobin; WBC white blood cell; CRP C-reactive protein; AIS abbreviated injury scale; ISS: injury severity score; BIPS bowel injury prediction score; LOS length of hospital stay; ICU intensive care unit. 1The sum of the percentages does not equal 100% because of multiple responses. 2Wound complication includes wound infection and evisceration. 3Intra-abdominal complication includes intra-abdominal abscess, leakage, enterocutaneous fistula, and intestinal obstruction. 4Lung complication includes pneumonia and ARDS.
