Prognostic Prediction Value of qSOFA, SOFA, and Admission Lactate in Septic Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Emergency Department

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients with CAP in ED.

	All cohorts	MV	NMV		Use of vasopressors	Nonuse of vasopressors
N (%)	336	83 (24.7)	253 (75.3)		108 (32.1)	228 (67.9)
Age (yrs)	76 (61, 84)	78 (67, 84)	76 (61, 84)	0.584	78 (66, 87)	75 (61, 83)	0.065
Male, n (%)	213 (63.4)	54 (60.7)	159 (64.4)	0.535	71 (65.7)	142 (62.3)	0.539
Comorbidities, n (%)
COPD	40 (11.9)	14 (15.7)	26 (10.5)	0.194	15 (13.9)	25 (11.0)	0.440
CDVD	48 (14.3)	14 (15.7)	34 (13.8)	0.650	18 (16.7)	30 (13.2)	0.391
CBVD	88 (26.2)	20 (22.5)	68 (27.5)	0.352	30 (27.8)	58 (25.4)	0.649
Diabetes	77 (22.9)	15 (16.9)	62 (25.1)	0.112	35 (32.4)	42 (18.4)	0.004
CRD	30 (8.9)	9 (10.1)	21 (8.5)	0.648	12 (11.1)	18 (7.9)	0.334
HBD	24 (7.1)	6 (6.7)	18 (7.3)	0.864	4 (3.7)	20 (8.8)	0.092
Healthy	28 (8.3)	7 (7.9)	21 (8.5)	0.852	5 (4.6)	23 (10.1)	0.091
Laboratory results
WBC (×10^9/L)	10.0 (6.7, 14.1)	10.4 (6.7, 15.8)	9.7 (6.8, 13.9)	0.244	10.8 (6.9, 16.0)	9.8 (6.6, 13.9)	0.180
HGB (g/L)	126 (115, 137)	126 (115, 137)	126 (116, 137)	0.781	126 (113, 136)	127 (117, 138)	0.314
HCT (%)	36.9 (31.8, 40.8)	35.4 ± 9.2	37.2 (32.7, 40.7)	0.356	34.9 ± 9.1	37.3 (32.9, 40.9)	0.092
PLT (×10^9/L)	184 (131, 251)	155 (117, 241)	192 (141, 251)	0.109	162 (123, 245)	193 (141, 252)	0.082
ALB (g/L)	36.2 (32.1, 39.1)	34 ± 6	36.7 (32.8, 39.3)	0.002	34.2 ± 5.7	36.8 (33.0, 39.4)	<0.001
CREA (μmol/L)	80.5 (60.8, 114.3)	92.5 (71.2, 149.2)	75.5 (59.9, 104)	<0.001	92 (69, 145.4)	75.4 (60, 101.4)	<0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	7.4 (5.3, 11.0)	9.5 (6.5, 15.0)	6.8 (5.0, 10.3)	<0.001	9.0 (6.0, 13.6)	6.8 (5.1, 10.0)	<0.001
AST (U/L)	30 (20, 56)	36 (23, 81)	29 (20, 53)	0.097	33 (23, 75)	29 (20, 53)	0.122
ALT (U/L)	20 (14, 37)	17 (12, 45)	21 (14, 36)	0.694	18 (12, 40)	21 (14, 37)	0.220
TBIL (μmol/L)	14.8 (9.6, 23.0)	16.1 (10.6, 25)	14 (9.5, 22.3)	0.164	16.0 (10.2, 25.9)	13.9 (9.5, 21.9)	0.089
DBIL (μmol/L)	6.4 (4.0, 10.6)	7 (4.4, 12.3)	6.1 (3.9, 9.7)	0.037	7.0 (4.4, 12.0)	6.0 (3.8, 9.6)	0.020
K^+ (mmol/L)	3.8 (3.5, 4.2)	4 (3.6, 4.5)	3.8 (3.5, 4.1)	0.006	4.0 (3.5, 4.3)	3.8 (3.5, 4.2)	0.220
PaO2/FiO2	303 (262, 352)	285 (244, 326)	313 (272, 363)	<0.001	287 (246, 333)	315 (274, 363)	0.002
Vital signs
SBP (mmHg)	132 (119, 139)	122 (100, 135)	134 (125, 143)	<0.001	113 (97, 133)	135 (126, 145)	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	68 (65, 76)	65 (55, 71)	70 (66, 78)	<0.001	62 (55, 69)	72 (68, 78)	<0.001
HR (times/min)	86 (78, 94)	86 (79, 104)	86 (78, 94)	0.033	89 (79, 106)	86 (78, 92)	<0.001
Severity scores
CURB65	2 (2, 3)	3 (3, 4)	2 (1, 3)	<0.001	3 (2.5, 4)	2 (1, 3)	<0.001
CRB65	2 (1, 3)	3 (2, 3)	2 (1, 2)	<0.001	3 (2, 3)	2 (1, 2)	<0.001
PSI	128 ± 40	161 ± 37	120 ± 36	<0.001	156 ± 38	118 ± 36	<0.001
SOFA	3 (2, 5)	6 (5, 9)	3 (2, 4)	<0.001	6 (4, 8)	3 (2, 4)	<0.001
qSOFA	2 (1, 2)	3 (2, 3)	1 (1, 2)	<0.001	2 (2, 3)	1 (1, 2)	<0.001
Lactate (mmol/L)	1.4 (1.1, 2.1)	1.9 (1.3, 4.2)	1.4 (1.1, 1.8)	<0.001	2.3 (1.4, 4.1)	1.3 (1.0, 1.6)	<0.001

Data are presented as n, n (%), or median (Q_L, Q_U). CAP: community-acquired pneumonia; MV: mechanical ventilation; NMV: nonmechanical ventilation; ED: emergency department; SCAP: severe community-acquired pneumonia; NSCAP: nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CDVD: cardiovascular disease; CBVD: cerebrovascular disease; CRD: chronic renal disease; HBD: hepatobiliary disease; WBC: white blood cell; HGB: hemoglobin; HCT: hematocrit; PLT: platelet; ALB: albumin; CREA: creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; TBIL: total bilirubin; DBIL: direct bilirubin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; CURB65: confusion, urea > 7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, blood pressure < 90 mmHg systolic and/or ≤60 mmHg diastolic, and age ≥ 65 years; CRB65: confusion, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, blood pressure < 90 mmHg systolic and/or ≤60 mmHg diastolic, and age ≥ 65 years; PSI: pneumonia severity index; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; qSOFA: quick sequential organ failure assessment.