Factors Associated with Treatment Failure in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD Admitted to the Emergency Department Observation Unit
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Parameters
Treatment failure group (n = 82)
Treatment success group (n = 138)
value
Age, years, median (IQR)
78.5 (70, 83)
76 (69, 82)
0.227
Male
74 (90.2)
124 (89.9)
1.000
Smoking status
0.631
Active smoker
8 (9.8)
20 (14.5)
Ex-smoker
65 (79.3)
102 (73.9)
Nonsmoker
7 (8.5)
10 (7.2)
GOLD classification
0.506
Stage I
13 (15.9)
30 (21.7)
Stage II
46 (56.1)
76 (55.1)
Stage III
22 (26.8)
28 (20.3)
Stage IV
1 (1.2)
4 (2.9)
AECOPD in the previous year
71 (86.6)
108 (78.3)
0.176
Admission for AECOPD in the previous year
36 (43.9)
39 (28.3)
0.026
Intubation for AECOPD in the last 5 years
26 (31.7)
28 (20.3)
0.082
Baseline treatment
Long-term oxygen therapy
13 (15.9)
10 (7.2)
0.074
Inhaled anticholinergic
74 (90.2)
126 (90.9)
0.982
Short-acting beta-agonist
78 (95.1)
107 (77.5)
0.001
Long-acting beta-agonist
76 (92.7)
121 (87.7)
0.345
Inhaled corticosteroids
76 (92.7)
118 (85.5)
0.168
Theophylline
52 (63.4)
80 (58)
0.513
Continuous oral antibiotics
8 (9.8)
5 (3.6)
0.078
Most frequent comorbidities
Hypertension
46 (56.1)
62 (44.9)
0.143
Diabetic mellitus
22 (26.8)
17 (12.3)
0.011
Ischemic heart disease
8 (9.8)
12 (8.7)
0.982
Arrhythmias
8 (9.8)
5 (3.6)
0.078
Notes. Data are presented as n (%) unless indicated otherwise. Values <0.05 are statistically significant. Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
