Factors Associated with Treatment Failure in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD Admitted to the Emergency Department Observation Unit
Table 2
Characteristics of the studied population in the ED related to the outcome of COPD exacerbation.
Parameters
Treatment failure group (n = 82)
Treatment success group (n = 138)
value
ESI
1.000
ESI 2
76 (92.7)
127 (92)
ESI 3
6 (7.3)
11 (8)
Initial vital signs at ED
Respiratory rate (breaths/min)
32.0 ± 5.3
31.0 ± 6.0
0.200
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
150.9 ± 24.9
149.3 ± 24.2
0.644
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
81 ± 13.8
83 ± 16.1
0.356
Temperature (°C)
36.8 ± 0.7
36.8 ± 0.8
0.738
Pulse rate (beats/min)
96.3 ± 19.4
95.7 ± 18.6
0.805
SpO2 (room air) (%)
93.5 ± 4.4
94.4 ± 4.0
0.140
History
Cough
72 (87.8)
118 (85.5)
0.782
Increased sputum/change color
27 (32.9)
49 (35.5)
0.808
Fever
21 (25.6)
34 (24.6)
1.000
Physical examination
Accessory muscle use
20 (24.4)
30 (21.7)
0.774
Arterial blood gas
pH
7.42 ± 0.04
7.42 ± 0.05
0.646
PaO2 (mmHg)
78.2 ± 33.6
73.1 ± 14.5
0.246
PaCO2 (mmHg)
33.4 ± 6.3
34.6 ± 7.0
0.305
SO2 (%)
93.9 ± 5.4
94 ± 4.8
0.920
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg)
345.1 ± 83.6
345.3 ± 70.8
0.986
Lactate (mmol/L)
1.9 ± 1.0
1.9 ± 1.3
0.786
Most frequent abnormal CXR findings
Pneumonia
9 (11)
7 (5.1)
0.173
Cardiomegaly
5 (6.1)
8 (5.8)
1.000
Bronchiectasis
0 (0)
4 (2.9)
0.299
Notes. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) as appropriate. Values <0.05 are statistically significant. Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; ESI, Emergency Severity Index; CXR, Chest X-ray.
