Research Article

Factors Associated with High-Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystander

Table 1

General characteristics and resuscitation variables according to bystander CPR quality.

All n = 2,491High-quality n = 149Low-quality n = 2,342 valueCases with missing data

Patients element
Sex, male1,661 (66.7)115 (77.2)1,546 (66.0)0.005
Age, year (median, IQR)70 (56–79)62 (51.5–75.0)70 (56–80)<0.001

Medical history
Hypertension763 (30.6)33 (22.1)730 (31.2)0.022
Diabetes mellitus534 (21.4)34 (22.8)500 (21.3)0.681
Cerebrovascular disease187 (7.5)4 (2.7)183 (7.8)0.016
Pulmonary disease65 (2.6)3 (2.0)62 (2.6)1.000
Heart disease424 (17.0)15 (10.1)409 (17.5)0.018
Malignancy211 (8.5)9 (6.0)202 (8.6)0.361
Initial shockable rhythm528 (21.2)53 (35.8)475 (20.3)<0.0013
Location, home1,990 (79.9)88 (59.1)1,902 (81.2)<0.001
Witnessed1,267 (51.2)91 (61.5)1,176 (50.5)0.01114

System element
DACPR2,338 (94.8)136 (92.5)2,202 (95.0)0.18225
RTI, min7 (6–9)7 (6–7)7 (6–9)0.131

Bystander element
Sex, male910 (50.5)46 (52.9)864 (50.4)0.662689
Age group
<40 years383 (15.4)35 (23.5)348 (14.9)<0.001
40–49 years546 (21.9)42 (28.2)504 (21.5)
50–59 years882 (35.4)57 (38.3)825 (35.2)
≥60 years680 (27.3)15 (10.1)665 (28.4)
Relation with patient, family2,101 (86.0)106 (71.1)1,996 (86.9)<0.00146
Multirescuers (≥2 rescuers)1,064 (43.3)84 (56.8)1,312 (56.7)1.00031

Outcome
Prehospital ROSC590 (23.7)62 (41.6)528 (22.5)<0.001
Total ROSC751 (30.1)71 (47.7)680 (29.0)<0.0013
Survival discharge281 (11.3)45 (30.2)236 (10.1)<0.0018
Neurologically favorable discharge172 (6.9)38 (25.5)134 (5.7)<0.0011

CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; DACPR, dispatcher-assisted CPR; RTI, response time interval.