Occurrence and Impact of Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events during Sepsis: A 15-Year Observational Study
Table 3
Joint effect analyses of association between “hospital mortality, ICU admission, and receiving mechanical ventilation” and “GI bleeding, stroke, ICH, and AMI.”
Complications
N
Outcome = hospital mortality
Outcome = ICU admission
Outcome = mechanical ventilation
Event
Event rate
Adjusted OR¶
Event
Event rate
Adjusted OR¶
Event
Event rate
Adjusted OR¶
GIB
Stroke
ICH
AMI
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
No
No
No
No
203,522
77,972
0.38
1.00 (reference)
107,413
0.53
1.00 (reference)
64,600
0.32
1.00 (reference)
Yes
No
No
No
7965
3720
0.47
1.01 (0.96–1.07)
5285
0.66
1.30 (1.23–1.38)
3523
0.44
1.33 (1.26–1.40)
No
Yes
No
No
2990
1129
0.38
0.89 (0.82–0.97)
2162
0.72
2.62 (2.38–2.88)
1427
0.48
2.09 (1.91–2.28)
No
No
Yes
No
1748
821
0.47
1.17 (1.05–1.30)
1571
0.90
8.10 (6.84–9.60)
1158
0.66
4.11 (3.65–4.62)
No
No
No
Yes
3194
1738
0.54
1.15 (1.06–1.24)
2882
0.90
4.93 (4.33–5.62)
1956
0.61
2.03 (1.87–2.21)
Yes
Yes
No
No
139
44
0.32
0.50 (0.34–0.74)
118
0.85
3.79 (2.26–6.35)
81
0.58
2.38 (1.61–3.53)
Yes
No
Yes
No
106
33
0.31
0.53 (0.34–0.83)
96
0.91
8.12 (4.00–16.5)
74
0.70
4.84 (2.96–7.92)
Yes
No
No
Yes
134
67
0.50
0.82 (0.57–1.18)
119
0.89
3.07 (1.69–5.55)
92
0.69
2.61 (1.74–3.93)
No
Yes
Yes
No
115
41
0.36
0.70 (0.46–1.06)
106
0.92
12.41 (5.99–25.71)
72
0.63
3.42 (2.18–5.36)
No
Yes
No
Yes
112
46
0.41
0.68 (0.46–1.03)
106
0.95
12.28 (5.10–29.56)
77
0.69
3.48 (2.18–5.57)
No
No
Yes
Yes
31
16
0.52
1.05 (0.49–2.23)
29
0.94
7.37 (1.59–34.13)
22
0.71
3.29 (1.37–7.91)
Adjusted OR: adjusted for age, sex, insurance premium, urbanization level, and comorbidities in the logistic regression model. ;. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CI, confidence interval; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; OR, odds ratio.
